第四节 助动词$ Q* W U( s3 K( ^, x, u
助动词没有独立的语义，主要作用是协助谓语动词表示时态、语态或构成疑问式、否定式等; N( R- u9 F* N3 r
助动词和情态动词的共同特点是需要和其他动词搭配使用才有意义，而且句子的否定式和疑问式都可通过这两类词体现 2 h* k0 |$ V4 D2 S r* c
一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时)
1 t8 u# @: w6 X' x( i这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：have /has /had + 过去分词
s3 y/ h: V: u如：I haven't seen you for ages." a/ _$ Z* b" m0 v) f
She had mentioned this before. " Y' M4 C6 f$ h4 f6 ^* q! j
二、be; x6 Z$ j. Z0 f7 d
be本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可) {# ^0 T. n$ `5 w. B7 B
如：She's watching a football match.# s/ B* b( t+ j& }. @
He's looking for his favorite pet.' E) y' C, q% V8 N" K$ F
此外，be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态
e \/ ]) c: ^0 v7 p. c# s如：The vicar was killed in a car accident. + k' I5 U V( U' \: S
三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)2 g, x. r; G2 ~& U7 @: P+ Y
此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式
; D6 _/ i0 i, {/ l8 v1 {! ^如：He doesn't feel like smoking at the moment.
# I3 e+ F3 A6 L1 O9 D Did you meet the manager this morning? & B! x" e' ^ p5 l$ _- [& n* {
四、will, shall, would# O9 s: }$ L A, ?
此组助动词用于构成将来时
) {% F5 ]7 h/ M0 {如：He won't be able to see you until an hour later.
( \6 v, I( j. x1 g! y$ B2 W Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon. * N% @3 H2 v, a2 U4 a x6 L7 c& S% b
例题：0 V4 G0 T0 B7 j5 S, t, |& J
(1)
+ p! U* N( a- b3 V The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.; q1 t" B0 G% d) R7 G8 l' ^. ~
(A) which are always5 B0 |0 ?: W- e
(B) and they are always+ Y% Q, @3 u# Y' t7 R0 g' j2 o0 t
(C) always
" [! w1 |8 e1 Y1 }8 _/ m( u (D) are always
# I3 y8 k q. N答案：D
$ w) j5 ]3 d3 |0 q8 |( S( _& H% k解释：空格前是句子的主语，之后是过去分词短语，空格处需要补全句子的谓语，A使原句只有从句无主句；B并列句的前一个分句无谓语；arrange与color是被动关系，C是主动式，可排除；只有D助动词are恰好与arranged构成句子的谓语 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
