第四节 助动词
8 l, A: a% R- s7 Z$ _5 A助动词没有独立的语义，主要作用是协助谓语动词表示时态、语态或构成疑问式、否定式等
0 r2 z, u" c8 V! N% D3 L$ j助动词和情态动词的共同特点是需要和其他动词搭配使用才有意义，而且句子的否定式和疑问式都可通过这两类词体现 % n. e; I7 U2 O1 H8 V* J" Q5 l
一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时)
# D) o+ S$ x+ F7 M这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：have /has /had + 过去分词5 }2 q+ k2 o0 a1 \$ h. q
如：I haven't seen you for ages.
4 W( t2 D( b0 _; D5 ~ She had mentioned this before.
4 L7 J( h0 o6 G4 T) j5 l1 f* P. G5 I二、be, U1 s; D; _0 v E. G) p3 ~) _
be本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可
# Z) {/ A, l9 _) \5 F! u如：She's watching a football match., |4 o2 H6 e" S7 I* f' u8 H, c" ^& h
He's looking for his favorite pet.# @0 G" C' m" c
此外，be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态6 R% I) O8 m' D+ y
如：The vicar was killed in a car accident.
! e# N% e+ T; g三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)# L# @7 N- R. D$ @
此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式
4 s$ Q8 b( m1 n9 P- e0 Q5 N如：He doesn't feel like smoking at the moment.6 l( p5 e0 J7 F3 S3 u* j( ^
Did you meet the manager this morning?
2 ^* [) ^. I6 t5 w$ {/ V四、will, shall, would8 }# l6 m0 h# T: A1 c
此组助动词用于构成将来时9 Z2 _4 R/ Z( B) L8 G9 D
如：He won't be able to see you until an hour later.
) J' H' u8 B# n& R( ]- ^$ C Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.
* I) G- p2 G% T4 l/ n/ b3 F9 D* T例题：
8 C5 T$ f Z: l- H(1)
& d$ ^; a3 E. I) b! O3 i) q The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.3 N# n) r# Y5 ~7 ^
(A) which are always
* b# j/ C, w0 K! ? (B) and they are always, ~) k2 C, d/ `" }( n# x ]
(C) always
& _) m5 Z. q& O (D) are always 1 f) C' ~9 i& d$ ]& w
答案：D8 G6 o1 w y+ H5 X; R7 t
解释：空格前是句子的主语，之后是过去分词短语，空格处需要补全句子的谓语，A使原句只有从句无主句；B并列句的前一个分句无谓语；arrange与color是被动关系，C是主动式，可排除；只有D助动词are恰好与arranged构成句子的谓语 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
