第四节 助动词6 E- R0 h' J* }' m
助动词没有独立的语义，主要作用是协助谓语动词表示时态、语态或构成疑问式、否定式等4 [) X1 ~+ ?( y, D% b% ^+ z9 {
助动词和情态动词的共同特点是需要和其他动词搭配使用才有意义，而且句子的否定式和疑问式都可通过这两类词体现 , z% q, f! ^/ X* E: b7 i. i' s
一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时)' C2 Z4 J) P1 g$ W2 k w
这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：have /has /had + 过去分词* |( b) ~$ n6 k' I# s1 o
如：I haven't seen you for ages.
, {# ~4 `$ h J9 o! z& V8 Y She had mentioned this before.
, d( u* s: V8 M0 Y# K, Z二、be
& D$ c Y. m/ } [0 Jbe本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可* @2 F0 w0 C# K/ J
如：She's watching a football match.# K- J6 j- m2 {& z1 ^; J m, q0 c3 J
He's looking for his favorite pet., d; B. [7 _% {" Y2 D$ a6 k
此外，be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态' Q m1 Q; ~$ y8 Q( r+ }# M5 V
如：The vicar was killed in a car accident.
7 i R- z3 C6 q# @, {三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)7 K( E0 ]* N5 c. N% K$ q8 q' Z: |& ~$ E
此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式
6 U+ j- n2 c$ M# J如：He doesn't feel like smoking at the moment.
& \! I+ A4 ~9 ^9 _& p/ G1 e: J7 Y Did you meet the manager this morning? 7 V" i# u( q2 l" s
四、will, shall, would
9 q0 \; o) f+ ^9 ^此组助动词用于构成将来时+ Q4 Y2 `' n& j2 D' R8 }
如：He won't be able to see you until an hour later.0 m2 V: A* ^$ a0 Y% W) c
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon. ( R9 }, G6 p# @/ L& Y1 {& e h
例题：
7 L% _/ w: X; D(1) , ~7 {* ~( t6 w; v3 r5 p- } u. N
The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.
& P6 g, a; ?0 N2 q8 C (A) which are always7 k6 Z0 u( @- ?, S3 X/ n/ s
(B) and they are always* Y* H* y0 h) t' ]% A8 v" g! ~
(C) always7 C' ]$ }% W" z, m. n
(D) are always : j `! I& ]# o( j+ @. |
答案：D8 Z1 x. b& j6 c
解释：空格前是句子的主语，之后是过去分词短语，空格处需要补全句子的谓语，A使原句只有从句无主句；B并列句的前一个分句无谓语；arrange与color是被动关系，C是主动式，可排除；只有D助动词are恰好与arranged构成句子的谓语 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
