托福考试辅导：语法讲解（46）

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第二节 状语

' Y) q1 P! t7 `句子中除了主谓结构外，还可能包含表示时间、地点、方式等内容的状语，通常由副词、介宾短语来承当。
5 M  |; a( e' Z# Y如：At night, I don't go out very often., 此句中at night, very often都是状语
介宾短语作状语是填空题的重要考点，若空格处或空格所在部分之后是完整的主谓句，且两部分之间多以逗号隔开，若选项中无从句结构或分词，此时空格处需填入介宾短语作状语。
例题：
. d  s3 l# m% t" [! U* ~(1)
( I  z& R9 D9 a, g) p----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
  (A) Its
  (B) Where its
" |( z- _; A! Z' h/ L) z  (C) Since its
* n7 C2 W# m+ F3 J$ p  X  (D) Because of its
% o2 ^- M, ~4 z& K: e& {9 `答案：D
. r: ?; g+ j: l9 l1 G$ W解释：此句主干完整, 主语是the use of phenol as a general antiseptic, 谓语是has been largely discontinued, 逗号之前应是状语. A构成名词短语, 与该句主语发生冲突; B、C欲构成从句, 但缺少从句的谓语动词; D恰好构成表示原因的状语, 短语because of 之后常接名词或动名词表原因, 如: He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
(2)
7 B6 u# l) E1 L% q& O. l----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
) i# `+ {0 i% w. s4 W) l9 D (A) Has been
$ I$ M" V8 Y3 D (B) It was while
(C) She was
+ v. w# F3 J9 q5 ^0 z3 Y) _& B% n- O (D) As
答案：D
8 Z. J6 S* W( e5 A解释：此句主干完整, 主语是sculptor, 谓语动词是showed, 之后是带有定语从句的宾语, 需填入状语. A、B、C 中的has been、was与showed相冲突, 违背谓语唯一原则. 介词词组As a child 相当于When she was a child.
(3)
.----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
9 F: f6 C1 ^4 B6 e% s2 u (B) General belief contrary to
6 t% K9 H5 ?- g: ^ (C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
2 S( O$ y- \( L9 O  e# }3 h1 Z9 o答案：A
( R+ g% m! L( [解释：给出部分是完整的句子, 从选项中可见此处缺少状语, be contrary to是固定词组, 表示“与……相反”, 介词to后需接宾语, 只有A符合上述条件