托福考试辅导：语法讲解（46）

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第二节 状语

# y" d9 t6 [0 E3 e9 L8 |( N句子中除了主谓结构外，还可能包含表示时间、地点、方式等内容的状语，通常由副词、介宾短语来承当。
如：At night, I don't go out very often., 此句中at night, very often都是状语
介宾短语作状语是填空题的重要考点，若空格处或空格所在部分之后是完整的主谓句，且两部分之间多以逗号隔开，若选项中无从句结构或分词，此时空格处需填入介宾短语作状语。
+ E& s  ~# P. r; O例题：
& j! K0 `+ }# h" u6 x& J" f) ~" r(1)
3 o! l3 @! E' s8 D----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
  (A) Its
  (B) Where its
  (C) Since its
1 c4 K( x. i, a2 u  (D) Because of its
" b4 _1 Y3 ]  t3 f% z+ G- Q' t# Y) m答案：D
* K3 L% W9 d5 ~9 J解释：此句主干完整, 主语是the use of phenol as a general antiseptic, 谓语是has been largely discontinued, 逗号之前应是状语. A构成名词短语, 与该句主语发生冲突; B、C欲构成从句, 但缺少从句的谓语动词; D恰好构成表示原因的状语, 短语because of 之后常接名词或动名词表原因, 如: He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
  b' k$ F. R5 w0 d$ V2 f* U(2)
----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been
% \0 I1 W7 Y- q! y5 i3 r (B) It was while
2 _/ @4 o# I$ S2 ~. I (C) She was
(D) As
0 }. I8 I3 o. N4 d答案：D
# o7 o) z2 P" Z% L* t& p解释：此句主干完整, 主语是sculptor, 谓语动词是showed, 之后是带有定语从句的宾语, 需填入状语. A、B、C 中的has been、was与showed相冲突, 违背谓语唯一原则. 介词词组As a child 相当于When she was a child.
(3)
.----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
8 Z/ W! h" f. f4 z* r (C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
+ U/ q+ I$ N0 g7 z6 g9 s5 r$ _答案：A
解释：给出部分是完整的句子, 从选项中可见此处缺少状语, be contrary to是固定词组, 表示“与……相反”, 介词to后需接宾语, 只有A符合上述条件