第二节 平行结构" _' G+ k& O8 I6 c( f) E
平行结构作为考点的出题率奇高，平均每套题中都有2-4道题目，因此必须引起高度重视。平行结构指的就是并列成分，不难理解和掌握。只要形成对and, or等词的敏感，牢记上面的固定搭配使用的并列连词(both…and, as well as 等)，一看到这些词就首先考虑平行结构，无论作填空还是改错都是行之有效的方法。 $ r- B6 y1 y, c& N1 \# ? H& t
平行结构可能是并列的名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、谓语动词、分词等 ; B! {( N+ M% W! X8 \; x1 o
例题：# _" V, R! a$ v
(1) 4 h- V1 y0 C: H9 i( {3 X* O
During most of this century, A. Philip Randolph struggled for Black rights in the United States and becomes an important figure in the labor movement.% Q2 {$ S( ^& k) a; X5 H& U2 \
应改为：became.
) E; u$ g0 r8 X; [: \, R) |0 J4 L解释：and连接两个并列谓语, 前者是过去时(struggled), 后者应相呼应使用过去式。6 j5 N4 b/ R$ ~+ y. L
注意：在同一个时间背景下(本题中是During most of this century )，平行结构连接词所对应的动词必须采取一致的时态 ! W+ R- F/ \- p! N2 H
(2) # m' e q, q1 u
Classicism as a doctrine seeks what is universally truth and good.
7 Z3 ~# q; Z4 I7 B; `+ v3 B* X! r应改为：true. % T- l9 Q2 y* l* O
解释：and连接两个并列表语, 词性必须相一致, good是形容词, 此处truth也应该用形容词true。
, s- h( J' x$ g7 n: `* O注意：平行结构连接词所对应的各个连接单位的词性必须相一致，再如例题4
( S7 p3 A9 g% f; A ](4) , J' m8 ~: l, o |. J
It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
( m/ T$ i$ s+ V* M& Z6 L9 O应改为：effectively.
' \& A3 U0 a/ n解释：句中and连接的是几个修饰动词write的副词, 它们的结构应是平行的. effective是形容词, 无法与simply, directly并列使用
9 Q9 }/ `- S6 S5 { ~5 [! o# M(5)
: i: k# U) [, M% MBefore pioneers cleared the land for farms, cities, and road, forests covered about 40 percent of what is now the state of Illinois.2 E( u3 \0 _" E. k' g
应改为：roads; s3 f+ m2 D; E0 b
解释：and连接作为for的并列宾语，和farms, cities平行的应是复数名词roads
0 g$ J; |9 _3 f: s注意：平行结构连接词所连接的名词，其单复数形式必须相同，除非有的式可数名词，有的是不可数名词。
( L$ ?8 A# f+ U6 G- B(5)
+ |" l1 h+ R$ @3 w* R8 gLillian D. Wald, public health nurse and ----, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
, K6 _7 J* h8 J' ~; P4 h (A) reforming society t3 z2 u: j( h6 n5 m* F6 A: }
(B) social reformer, P3 B/ b/ P2 M( Q- S' D
(C) who reformed society, o4 Q7 B' f7 r+ |3 l* S
(D) her social reform / D5 G8 x: t. m4 T% y
答案：B : }! i4 Z1 z6 K- o% Y5 r, P# w) k5 \
解释：and连接的是主语Lillian D. Wald(人名)的两个并列同位语, public health nurse 是形容人的名词词组, 需填的部分应与其一致, A属分词词组, C属定语从句,D虽是名词词组, 中心词是reform,它们均不符合题意.& h# \9 V9 S5 \' Z5 R0 G" Z
注意：平行结构连接词所连接的几个单位在结构上，形式上应该尽量一致，比如上题的
, ^ [3 z% `0 i {9 A7 P" @public health nurse and social reformer, 都是形容词修饰名词。 再如例题6
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4 M# m7 x- |- c1 g0 ` \& YWestern Nebraska generally receives less snow than eastern Nebraska is
' I7 _/ A3 I0 l2 |应改为：Nebraska does6 J) P6 D ^$ T) j. t- Q
解释：题目中实际上是两个句子在用than连接进行比较， 它们比较的内容是receives the snow, 因此D中应该用does而不是is 来代替前面的receives |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
