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[托福语法] 新托福考试辅导:改错之非谓语动词

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、现分与过分的区别* F  L, W2 `) P+ `' w$ z
  现分      过分      考与不考备注
8 `* X7 r9 Z3 E5 C  -------------------------9 G6 W! E( E4 T$ ~2 x$ `+ A
  主动      被动      90%(后置定语,状)2 S( E# T2 L7 k: J; I$ P
  进行      完成      10%(前置定语)
4 E7 L9 A8 s5 M  ┗┏┃    动作      状态      不考8 d' q& F. |) v1 a2 I; U
  ┏ a retired general' |1 a% a. B' X) t* u" ^5 C
  ┗ a retirign general 错
/ A5 I3 Z4 v  o& P. W  ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
% g% U$ h0 V3 h  ┗ a falling fruit    正在掉
& D* B7 j* _. t( A1 H% F  二、现在分词与过去分词的用法- x3 M3 D' U; p* v% d% b& I9 `
  1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动0 x! {. z  H* }" I9 `$ y  \7 U
  Indians who lived in1 y- A' R# r8 ]' b6 M2 B  a
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living9 n( I# R. A- X: N
  分词=从句, r( p. N  x: K. b; a/ B
  2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动4 f/ i# |' B) E  c2 N
  非此即彼 ┏included in/by
7 V* f: v/ U  B3 b0 X  ┗including 分,prep7 K6 P5 y1 A* O, X
  ┏involved in
# Z5 N8 @  t9 g& z9 M  ┗involving
9 A7 T: \2 {0 @" X' [* I  3. 常考的接doing的词
; L9 v2 O/ Z" {; g6 {! \6 d  enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
8 M" J5 K) t" j- c  ~  mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
7 D$ `. R" B5 W2 i. J  spend ... (in) doing
$ W) d" h- V( X0 K' o  have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing. N1 K) P; ~* i: l
  三、动词不定式的省略用法
* E2 O1 T, {! X1 f' @9 W  1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
( _5 ~: y' l% K  H% M5 s  ┗help sb to do = help sb do
/ @7 ^0 N  L: u' Q1 P9 l  2. 使役动词必省to
+ W! J! W# t; n7 a  let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
5 ^0 t. q% I6 G) f. v  have sth done
' Y( W+ g' ]: L- F6 ]4 y  3. 关于感观动词
% O6 V1 Q  w1 \$ Z3 z% ], u+ J! w  see, hear, notice, feel, watch7 W4 P- A& e" a
  必须省to7 o& K; V  o% }3 t
  ┏see sb do 看见整个过程
. w( J" F0 A) B3 d  ┗see sb doing  看见动作正在进行2 O8 G' l& `  ?  l' n) q, ]2 z
  改被动后to 要加回来
8 }+ Q9 m. D0 K, A' A4 j  ┏be seen to do
3 J, d/ o) g, U  ┗be seen doing
( F, T+ g3 E: S6 u& v. R  四、动词不定式的固定用法
" g8 U6 Z* e$ X7 U6 P9 W  1. 第一“人”1 }& c& p3 e" {' L/ c; h
  the first (sb) to do
5 }4 T" y' P( G) I  2. 表“迫使”的动词
+ a3 f* K- d' l. h: r% K9 l  allow sb to do allow sth
) ~! g1 w( C. Y% ^7 j  permit sb to do permit sth8 |% d5 p& u& [+ n: u2 L+ z( L6 h
  enable sb to do enable sth
; w8 c- l* \' f) S( P* ]9 j' H$ Q  cause sb to do cause sth
9 G1 f" ^; O: q  force sb to do force sth转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]& X; J: f  g, F! c/ Q& `
  3. 表“倾向”的adj./V
% ]% z9 ?1 O: e2 D+ N  tend to do! h; T5 T5 y! I. u, z" f1 u3 M
  attemp to do
- `% a" t$ m2 w& t7 |& C$ D  be (more) likely to do8 \) @& S, B3 X3 I" R
  that + 句子
0 Y  F" ?3 N( h6 e4 _5 W$ P  be inclined to do
' @& d7 {* G! Y" C) c+ ?* Q  be apt to do& J4 F( }9 _% R6 C6 Q
  be liable to do4 y9 y" o3 Y4 p% a
  4. 表“目的”的名词: V- B. `. \! W; S
  The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
% G# D! P% ?4 u8 z* |  function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
& T6 ]. U0 y9 v5 x  5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式' ~# V3 C8 H/ h  z2 D7 w' x
  be able to do -> ability to do
5 F) m1 J0 g8 ^  enable sb to do5 E& J4 N- `, G  |9 v* T
  decide to do -> decision to do
6 Y4 X; b! ^; W- J2 A  be ambitious to do -> ambition to do# t" ]/ H3 \0 H) R) G5 Z' G
  try to do -> make great efforts to do
5 P: y. ^5 u0 z8 w5 e/ `( E8 v* |5 L  attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
0 N: x4 o: R/ w) h' E* z  五、动词不定式的其它形式0 K& O3 D$ P# }  |* O" W- l
  1. 动词不定式的将来式
9 u3 Z( D" X4 H" y7 [5 R  主动:be to do: ]# E6 @2 A- c! Q! t; C8 g6 _
  被动:be to be done
  n4 g+ g: }; E% R5 X$ a# |2 u  表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
! x  [3 t$ k  C3 j* m  China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
9 E" w6 k  I" J& R# c* B1 N  被动式与过去分词的区别
- ]6 ?" |2 e) Y; l  the surfaces to be glued& U1 y8 R& b" Y; ?: a1 y' x- p
  the surfaces glued
* }) y- l& o: A, B" s! C  2. 动词不定式的完成时
+ W4 {' N' Z, `7 F4 x  主动  to have done; U' o7 U% ~! Q/ g5 l
  被动  to have been done
# n9 {( z( L# }& j8 b9 D& y# |  表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
' X4 p" d+ J$ i2 S: P  I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.
# C9 G) K0 Y- \+ O  3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
7 ?" S0 L3 g& |9 Z% Q  This plas is difficult to come out4 Z3 ?1 n, X7 |8 p  Z  Q7 ~
  easy
  {# V0 y" f- P9 ^% }3 [  hard
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