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[托福语法] 新托福考试辅导:改错之非谓语动词

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、现分与过分的区别  ]8 |( ~" Z6 L2 X8 ?) P! g+ M
  现分      过分      考与不考备注
$ t: ^' M! F: r7 p! K  -------------------------( l, r: r- ~3 O0 X
  主动      被动      90%(后置定语,状)
0 r. ?: B5 w9 t" i  进行      完成      10%(前置定语)
, |! |5 X+ X$ d- T5 M' N- D$ Q  ┗┏┃    动作      状态      不考
+ s" P# L9 G+ \. M$ a, {  ┏ a retired general
7 g) ^0 @# x5 P1 K0 S2 J- W5 X  ┗ a retirign general 错# m  N: {3 l% W* S* F
  ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
! u; o' ^' ~# A2 ?% C( G  ┗ a falling fruit    正在掉* `9 X* `# s, w1 ]
  二、现在分词与过去分词的用法& D) F+ `* }( r" S1 _4 H' b
  1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动- c  P8 ^: @/ @' U, ^5 y
  Indians who lived in
3 @5 e, G) J1 D4 j* W. s% Q  V  ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
1 \3 p: X3 J0 S* G1 C# S( e  分词=从句. _" D! E6 k$ a( a9 ^6 P
  2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动
3 v; \9 }2 n4 u* O+ r! o+ c# p  非此即彼 ┏included in/by
2 T: g/ C9 F$ y% W8 w  ┗including 分,prep+ E$ r0 x* }3 ?$ n7 K
  ┏involved in% \8 K. `1 p; O( W  x( K: @: L
  ┗involving
/ p" \4 g+ k" c9 y2 u* r  3. 常考的接doing的词6 {1 x# }# K; [! O
  enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
' a6 `$ r" p5 s2 w. i  mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit  X2 A7 j" f0 ]- H8 O( I; y
  spend ... (in) doing
" b+ d6 b" j. [( n4 z2 i  have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing& t4 G: f7 K1 O/ O
  三、动词不定式的省略用法
* S, ]% Q% N# V% F* X' u  1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省8 W2 L' i7 m7 E0 ]5 a# ^  ^
  ┗help sb to do = help sb do
' E* _4 b9 f$ g4 j* b  i  2. 使役动词必省to
, F% p% m, d5 j3 w3 y9 ^. R  let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
" s" V$ |( S1 P7 s6 J9 S1 y  have sth done2 Y( a) B/ i: Z0 w% j( m
  3. 关于感观动词
) a2 U/ u+ n5 G, s  see, hear, notice, feel, watch
" Y, f+ B0 M4 n2 `: O7 C  必须省to
8 `" @0 u, O/ p  ┏see sb do 看见整个过程
8 x8 a, z& q% Z, Y7 y( s  ┗see sb doing  看见动作正在进行
9 j: n& j/ v% C3 G/ @  改被动后to 要加回来% z4 ?  T8 p4 j0 n! o
  ┏be seen to do
5 M6 ~, d2 p+ D: e) R  ┗be seen doing3 a8 b3 |" C6 w. [
  四、动词不定式的固定用法+ K( a. L" _+ Z
  1. 第一“人”/ E- f3 _( M# z# I
  the first (sb) to do  S% Y3 U. I/ ]& i; c4 U
  2. 表“迫使”的动词
/ v5 ]- p( O. k4 w  allow sb to do allow sth* K1 \# c- j" z9 m: t' p* j
  permit sb to do permit sth
' h. _2 @8 q0 c' b  enable sb to do enable sth# v1 A/ m5 ]7 [! X7 P4 M+ I0 B
  cause sb to do cause sth2 X! }5 h- S% b6 L7 I* ^! }4 A
  force sb to do force sth转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]% G$ Q* d9 ]- _( `* f( r, }" k6 s! s2 y
  3. 表“倾向”的adj./V; e- z8 ^$ y3 _) D0 x6 K
  tend to do
" o. G' t# ~, N9 i) u+ ]8 [  attemp to do
1 }, B% C% S+ i  be (more) likely to do
8 J' f! Z& e: c7 k  that + 句子& j5 y. |+ n( ]* y4 a
  be inclined to do
; c" b7 \0 Z( V7 e  be apt to do3 _/ j% A  g- a5 K
  be liable to do' Q9 c6 V. X- _$ t
  4. 表“目的”的名词/ R1 \) E3 X8 C& z) ^( f" O: x
  The function + of sth. + is to do sth.5 t% H) V9 t, O- R+ _* U$ |+ Q4 C1 r0 ^
  function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention( w: w& r8 K4 `. H5 ?' a2 ~+ b8 }
  5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
/ |/ A# P7 T& Z1 Y+ g' @# X4 x  be able to do -> ability to do+ y6 H3 G4 X. I% `6 l* J; T
  enable sb to do0 z* o9 F" n7 j# T
  decide to do -> decision to do
3 G* c! ]( B/ _: X9 b3 N7 g  be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
* s- _& l) s' s9 |  try to do -> make great efforts to do' D2 Y+ }0 s: x& n* ?
  attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do& _3 o2 k8 L& i$ b3 {1 U
  五、动词不定式的其它形式
6 }. p1 K" f! n3 R  1. 动词不定式的将来式
9 Y' ~( h: V( T+ j7 l5 V  主动:be to do
8 v& l, D% G8 X) M+ R  J0 Q: o  被动:be to be done. e+ R; ^, T+ e1 M0 ?# g* Q
  表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
" X' u: D+ q8 m0 w$ K  China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
# a$ Q) C$ R, F% o' g( P* q( M  被动式与过去分词的区别
8 y9 ~( Y- E  ~% \/ V  the surfaces to be glued' C/ A3 u$ x' l2 ~
  the surfaces glued+ ?1 B0 u. E7 k5 @- g
  2. 动词不定式的完成时
( K7 u3 @1 a3 J% f  主动  to have done
* `4 y) {5 a7 q1 l8 [  被动  to have been done$ o9 M6 U* l3 K8 K& {* o
  表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
; u" y/ t/ v4 D  I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.$ t# m" c6 J  w& K1 p3 ]
  3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
& B& N) t3 ?0 n8 p5 J  This plas is difficult to come out/ q. C! M6 j! F, ~
  easy, Q! U3 [5 W. P4 H
  hard
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