一、现分与过分的区别4 ]* q' e! T- k; n
现分 过分 考与不考备注( [8 b7 o4 g2 P& k$ c
-------------------------: } P! z; }; a, P; s" V; V
主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状), o. z- e+ @$ l* h
进行 完成 10%(前置定语)4 d% f! |' P5 {# M. C/ i
┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考! C! N1 F; h a) ?4 L/ U
┏ a retired general
' @& p) y/ D1 P, y ┗ a retirign general 错
$ S% f5 L( L* v+ e% c5 _) S; x ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下+ Q5 q3 D3 v$ J( r2 s. F
┗ a falling fruit 正在掉8 P3 \8 ^0 F7 o1 l$ I6 V( @
二、现在分词与过去分词的用法' ?& R& c1 D" r% ?0 y
1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动
8 y" b1 k5 ~0 t; @) [5 Y# ? Indians who lived in
" V& t6 { ?: r* |& }0 ^0 c. c ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
0 X: |5 I/ g' X! G4 r& ` 分词=从句1 R: g6 G l, N. `( `
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动' j3 N' V( m5 M4 x# Q* ?, B; U, x
非此即彼 ┏included in/by
' p0 l* }: u" O7 r ┗including 分,prep2 d( E9 W! F; H
┏involved in
! g. H0 D1 i1 b3 e. `0 ? ┗involving
0 L) R% l# W4 s, W" N# [ 3. 常考的接doing的词8 R: f/ U4 l/ @5 ~
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
+ M# l; C2 o4 E" p+ o$ L1 b mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
9 m* r4 S! I: ^! \) t* h$ T0 e7 w spend ... (in) doing2 k( t. k7 x' c; h4 J) q' H; Z
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing
0 u$ @+ r4 [0 G1 I& V" w 三、动词不定式的省略用法, _6 C1 @5 k- P! r5 Y
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省) o( C$ N F- Q6 k* M6 G s9 D
┗help sb to do = help sb do
* l7 w( |% }6 y3 C) @ 2. 使役动词必省to
; E0 J0 v, B2 x( e' [) M let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do% J& a' Q9 p0 e
have sth done
+ g" N' T( a- ` 3. 关于感观动词+ J" q6 m$ d! C# K& v
see, hear, notice, feel, watch
+ p/ ]9 H$ ~- O 必须省to
( h% w: T' F% N& n* }* f4 r ┏see sb do 看见整个过程, U; O4 S- E# V0 f2 C! N
┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行4 r1 _& b! |, F; B: {" w! l# z
改被动后to 要加回来
. T+ n1 L4 ?% W- G2 z7 S ┏be seen to do3 d& P, Y9 t0 V4 E) }
┗be seen doing
: i; E$ G! [0 B* V8 x( B 四、动词不定式的固定用法7 u @( N, j- X8 [/ k8 f
1. 第一“人”
2 y+ T4 r. v# X; P the first (sb) to do- e5 k# j$ o3 @; q8 H0 ?
2. 表“迫使”的动词
4 C0 ?& a6 L, }7 ^ allow sb to do allow sth
; }# t- u a) {" b l permit sb to do permit sth6 `& ^$ b3 F1 x! O
enable sb to do enable sth4 U" g* D8 k. B- ?: l
cause sb to do cause sth+ T# {" _4 x* L; U* x! r
force sb to do force sth转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]7 o/ L S" F- ]3 `
3. 表“倾向”的adj./V, T6 ~: Q: z7 {
tend to do* h C7 x' }7 g* {
attemp to do
/ J# L6 r: r1 s! ~0 J/ N be (more) likely to do
0 B g' l# s) D y that + 句子
( M6 Y; u* f, U be inclined to do
7 m5 }; u: d" {8 Y, i be apt to do
) z! @ g* j+ ?: E be liable to do
2 Z6 d6 O# l& X# ?( e6 ?5 Y# z$ l 4. 表“目的”的名词
3 ^3 V, J2 M( r& C The function + of sth. + is to do sth., ?3 [! k$ Y# B2 f( d0 t
function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention# E1 f4 ?3 e2 w
5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
6 p1 s/ u' o2 q1 F* S) z7 B# B be able to do -> ability to do
% b* a8 n- b1 O! I+ ^; r3 X6 X enable sb to do: U" ?* T/ G3 {: }# R) U( x
decide to do -> decision to do
& @- G4 `( Q5 `0 i3 ]5 h5 E1 i. B be ambitious to do -> ambition to do- K+ b( ~) ~, E# ~) W! B
try to do -> make great efforts to do
4 w& g- W+ ?# R2 E) f$ P attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
& E: Z3 V* T" N/ v% T. G3 v6 }* J 五、动词不定式的其它形式
H9 R, P& B; o- s/ C4 r9 J 1. 动词不定式的将来式! l; k3 n, D9 R/ m* P" z; g4 ~$ i
主动:be to do
( r* F# L0 Q8 Z1 v$ F 被动:be to be done
6 Y! c, Z; A N# G5 A) {3 G 表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
3 U5 i1 E$ ^# c9 o China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
B8 t8 X5 |5 [( ^& T* F4 z 被动式与过去分词的区别
: e0 _: X4 o" ~2 q3 J' a7 P) V% O the surfaces to be glued
' y v+ Y! d" X% X# p the surfaces glued: P; W% V' P1 W5 T' i: Z
2. 动词不定式的完成时# j. y* g o5 Q: l0 X2 f
主动 to have done
" O' K9 w8 Q$ @1 J @ 被动 to have been done
# h/ l% h y1 p0 x 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前; p+ L1 j- ^) }2 a$ y" U: e' l
I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday./ n" b# A0 t( p3 T& G& v% e' }
3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
2 s! x* I$ ]! R, Y4 _% S* L This plas is difficult to come out; n- C0 `, j1 x- m# ^5 ` U
easy
" G0 Y% M1 S# Z9 J& F* y* i+ n hard |