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[托福语法] 新托福考试辅导:改错之非谓语动词

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、现分与过分的区别4 ]* q' e! T- k; n
  现分      过分      考与不考备注( [8 b7 o4 g2 P& k$ c
  -------------------------: }  P! z; }; a, P; s" V; V
  主动      被动      90%(后置定语,状), o. z- e+ @$ l* h
  进行      完成      10%(前置定语)4 d% f! |' P5 {# M. C/ i
  ┗┏┃    动作      状态      不考! C! N1 F; h  a) ?4 L/ U
  ┏ a retired general
' @& p) y/ D1 P, y  ┗ a retirign general 错
$ S% f5 L( L* v+ e% c5 _) S; x  ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下+ Q5 q3 D3 v$ J( r2 s. F
  ┗ a falling fruit    正在掉8 P3 \8 ^0 F7 o1 l$ I6 V( @
  二、现在分词与过去分词的用法' ?& R& c1 D" r% ?0 y
  1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动
8 y" b1 k5 ~0 t; @) [5 Y# ?  Indians who lived in
" V& t6 {  ?: r* |& }0 ^0 c. c  ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
0 X: |5 I/ g' X! G4 r& `  分词=从句1 R: g6 G  l, N. `( `
  2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动' j3 N' V( m5 M4 x# Q* ?, B; U, x
  非此即彼 ┏included in/by
' p0 l* }: u" O7 r  ┗including 分,prep2 d( E9 W! F; H
  ┏involved in
! g. H0 D1 i1 b3 e. `0 ?  ┗involving
0 L) R% l# W4 s, W" N# [  3. 常考的接doing的词8 R: f/ U4 l/ @5 ~
  enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
+ M# l; C2 o4 E" p+ o$ L1 b  mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
9 m* r4 S! I: ^! \) t* h$ T0 e7 w  spend ... (in) doing2 k( t. k7 x' c; h4 J) q' H; Z
  have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing
0 u$ @+ r4 [0 G1 I& V" w  三、动词不定式的省略用法, _6 C1 @5 k- P! r5 Y
  1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省) o( C$ N  F- Q6 k* M6 G  s9 D
  ┗help sb to do = help sb do
* l7 w( |% }6 y3 C) @  2. 使役动词必省to
; E0 J0 v, B2 x( e' [) M  let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do% J& a' Q9 p0 e
  have sth done
+ g" N' T( a- `  3. 关于感观动词+ J" q6 m$ d! C# K& v
  see, hear, notice, feel, watch
+ p/ ]9 H$ ~- O  必须省to
( h% w: T' F% N& n* }* f4 r  ┏see sb do 看见整个过程, U; O4 S- E# V0 f2 C! N
  ┗see sb doing  看见动作正在进行4 r1 _& b! |, F; B: {" w! l# z
  改被动后to 要加回来
. T+ n1 L4 ?% W- G2 z7 S  ┏be seen to do3 d& P, Y9 t0 V4 E) }
  ┗be seen doing
: i; E$ G! [0 B* V8 x( B  四、动词不定式的固定用法7 u  @( N, j- X8 [/ k8 f
  1. 第一“人”
2 y+ T4 r. v# X; P  the first (sb) to do- e5 k# j$ o3 @; q8 H0 ?
  2. 表“迫使”的动词
4 C0 ?& a6 L, }7 ^  allow sb to do allow sth
; }# t- u  a) {" b  l  permit sb to do permit sth6 `& ^$ b3 F1 x! O
  enable sb to do enable sth4 U" g* D8 k. B- ?: l
  cause sb to do cause sth+ T# {" _4 x* L; U* x! r
  force sb to do force sth转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]7 o/ L  S" F- ]3 `
  3. 表“倾向”的adj./V, T6 ~: Q: z7 {
  tend to do* h  C7 x' }7 g* {
  attemp to do
/ J# L6 r: r1 s! ~0 J/ N  be (more) likely to do
0 B  g' l# s) D  y  that + 句子
( M6 Y; u* f, U  be inclined to do
7 m5 }; u: d" {8 Y, i  be apt to do
) z! @  g* j+ ?: E  be liable to do
2 Z6 d6 O# l& X# ?( e6 ?5 Y# z$ l  4. 表“目的”的名词
3 ^3 V, J2 M( r& C  The function + of sth. + is to do sth., ?3 [! k$ Y# B2 f( d0 t
  function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention# E1 f4 ?3 e2 w
  5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
6 p1 s/ u' o2 q1 F* S) z7 B# B  be able to do -> ability to do
% b* a8 n- b1 O! I+ ^; r3 X6 X  enable sb to do: U" ?* T/ G3 {: }# R) U( x
  decide to do -> decision to do
& @- G4 `( Q5 `0 i3 ]5 h5 E1 i. B  be ambitious to do -> ambition to do- K+ b( ~) ~, E# ~) W! B
  try to do -> make great efforts to do
4 w& g- W+ ?# R2 E) f$ P  attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
& E: Z3 V* T" N/ v% T. G3 v6 }* J  五、动词不定式的其它形式
  H9 R, P& B; o- s/ C4 r9 J  1. 动词不定式的将来式! l; k3 n, D9 R/ m* P" z; g4 ~$ i
  主动:be to do
( r* F# L0 Q8 Z1 v$ F  被动:be to be done
6 Y! c, Z; A  N# G5 A) {3 G  表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
3 U5 i1 E$ ^# c9 o  China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
  B8 t8 X5 |5 [( ^& T* F4 z  被动式与过去分词的区别
: e0 _: X4 o" ~2 q3 J' a7 P) V% O  the surfaces to be glued
' y  v+ Y! d" X% X# p  the surfaces glued: P; W% V' P1 W5 T' i: Z
  2. 动词不定式的完成时# j. y* g  o5 Q: l0 X2 f
  主动  to have done
" O' K9 w8 Q$ @1 J  @  被动  to have been done
# h/ l% h  y1 p0 x  表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前; p+ L1 j- ^) }2 a$ y" U: e' l
  I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday./ n" b# A0 t( p3 T& G& v% e' }
  3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
2 s! x* I$ ]! R, Y4 _% S* L  This plas is difficult to come out; n- C0 `, j1 x- m# ^5 `  U
  easy
" G0 Y% M1 S# Z9 J& F* y* i+ n  hard
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