一、主谓一致
- {9 ^: F- i1 l3 [ 1. 主谓的分隔原则
( V9 k) a; B$ S4 d S, ---,VO
) K3 C) r7 }& v8 j# \! u E: N 主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔
/ X) Y) W( h7 X! z, Q9 Q, z5 ? * 主谓一致与主语同位语无关1 [! o; R2 Z- q3 p+ A0 m
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致, s/ t' f7 Z2 c/ ?
...noun.+that/which+V+ u# c6 _ S9 ~6 z1 Y
* that, which并不反映单复数
: e6 w6 s$ r. A- _8 {' a1 @! y one of 复n + that/which + 复V `* b! K* ~% _4 b K$ U$ ^
the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V
" A- e: V6 ^% {: |8 b# b6 M 3. 随前一致
4 I" Z, w6 @( k4 l together with, as well as, with, including, of- H6 m6 a2 u- Z0 u2 z
4. 随后一致
; }# K! x$ N Z: M0 W; g not 单n. but 复n. + 复V a% l1 |/ \# U6 d k9 t/ S/ V0 |1 G
not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V
) G& } @( Q- r2 h3 @5 E& n3 h& c 5. 就近一致) r; T( e6 R% R9 ^, w
单n. or 复n.6 g4 K" ~* _ U9 n
either 单n. or 复n.+ O% {( ~0 F1 i7 o5 H5 q
neither 单n. nor 复n.
* u* Z4 O' X+ V1 Y: N is he or we... 对
/ `5 S, T" {5 Q, i: t( F4 @ he or we are... 对
0 T9 a3 j) `* u2 X% f$ F8 b 6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词: p$ }! Z; \" J& y: @' x
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词. x2 y. D1 T( C$ d7 M. s; Q1 G
例外：war and peace is/was7 S! H5 ~* B/ G0 s( N
black and white is/was7 P1 O1 c( f+ G7 }# g
bread and butter is/was
4 S! K+ I9 C0 d& e+ j6 ] to love and to be loved is/was) E0 [. Z% @2 y
7. 百分比结构% N3 j9 f9 U0 h8 {( A
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
( N& w& e; T$ n5 p- w' Z( S4 s __+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数% q8 ]% b1 H9 s0 b* ~+ J
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致/ p& Q; z8 S( J- H3 U) p; c
There be...
1 O C; c; [0 L between , among 等介词位于句首，即引起倒装
/ s# ~' H2 Q) u: F+ J Between ...+ be + noun.
! |& ]# M" X+ K+ x Among...+ be + noun.
: x1 B3 i- w% P: C! r 主 + 系 + 表8 z7 ^" ^9 O' d I
主系关系要一致，系表关系可以不一致
7 o! Z. S5 C9 g/ }( U 9. The+ adj.
& r: U/ B( M, y a. 表示“一类人”用复数V
) o% ]! O; @/ }; U The rich are ridiculous- B" I2 v0 P K: E8 e4 f
b. 表示某一抽象概念
7 J' K0 e+ U6 ~- R6 n( Z The good is attractive
8 b1 f5 n9 L& n- J9 Q. W 10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V7 V) Y) j: [4 K* i. N% ?7 ?
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V C8 B% ]* T& c/ v+ A0 t1 u0 g
many a + 单noun. + 单V$ J$ j( r0 t, P8 M2 ]2 L& x$ m
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two! `; [, Y6 D2 ?! }3 `
news 单数 measles 不可数
9 v0 y) ~3 e- r8 B9 \1 s* K5 L the series 用is/are从上下文得出
4 l" P! K- J5 j6 g 二、时态
0 q5 a+ ^4 X L5 ^) }# ]; B 1. in + 过去某一时间，用一般现在时 D3 v& }+ ~- k! Z; Z
2. befort+ 过去年份，用过去完成时
6 C& ~1 _; s* ] 3. for/since:来自www.Examw.com/ v& u2 _7 { h5 f9 l0 K
for后跟时间段，可用现在完成和一般过去时
9 Q. b- M" J( p$ t% Z since 后跟时间点，只能跟现在完成时. I) h' H" @% e( O4 O" h- g
I have been a teacher for 3 years.
! [8 X* k1 D9 L+ P9 m& Z. |" ^) U I have been a teacher since 1996.2 b; `$ U3 R5 [& g( N4 Y1 k; v
I was a teacher for 3 years.% t" f. s9 A7 U" A
4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
' [9 R2 K$ H$ ` 时态：现在完成时和一般过去时混用
! \: I4 ~# C D' e( f 一般现在时和一般过去时混用5 o/ _( |( R( }. |3 ^ b
三、语态
8 ^7 p& B O6 _! r0 N 考主被的混用! _, d/ I: M3 E/ g
一个证明，二个位于，三个需要，四个情感
, K+ t9 R5 H4 C4 N( Z( o( }6 n 1. 证明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
2 }+ o8 J1 [' j4 x: H3 h prove(vt) + sth./that +句子6 [1 c) y+ l8 m* d$ e3 C
my advice rpoved to be wrong
6 x- `, s3 C1 q 2. 位于：locate永远考被动
7 w. }2 I: ~( T* c9 s) }* ? situate 主动：把...放置;确定位置
' U& G2 U4 {2 Z/ l5 b2 S0 D 被动：位于4 ] l$ ^- p2 t; p, L. F9 R
3. 需要：need, want, require
+ A3 N9 N+ S0 U; @5 X ┏ 情态动词＋动原
3 E: k/ T/ R8 s3 H ┃ ┏ doing
- e' u& C7 o9 T: ~+ Q need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般; b! G" C- {! i/ J$ Q$ Q1 l. y
┃ ┗ to be done. G; ^7 D4 `( [) B
┗ n.词* I3 r# L- J, Q
My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动
C! K# h! b. e- v. ^0 h& O ┗ to be repaired.% ^5 j3 I$ ~+ [6 k* E
require┏ to be done
% S8 L+ n' Y; S/ C0 i want ┗ doing
# S# z3 a8 Y \2 z7 T' | 4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move
, I a9 \1 G3 n1 i. c- Y# \ I am pleased. 主语高兴; f! X6 L! `$ b, ^8 z
The news is pleasing. 令人高兴6 D# q* S- {5 o7 E6 Z
使...高兴（心烦、惊讶、感动）
" K% ~, U& W c4 E Franklin is so moved.
$ m, I; G: \1 P5 z6 w, \ The story is so moving. |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
