一、主谓一致
5 R& o2 ]. P' c 1. 主谓的分隔原则/ {3 o+ R. [9 r3 g" g2 B9 a$ o9 J
S, ---,VO
# W0 I, \4 u0 A7 k) s, q 主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔. s: a! Q S: l
* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关' W; L1 P! d8 B
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
" I. u7 B8 v1 v8 D0 R4 D( U ...noun.+that/which+V2 ~; I( L6 {8 G
* that, which并不反映单复数
7 o L+ H1 r8 b* t5 l g( s0 W one of 复n + that/which + 复V
% S* {' R g- J3 K V the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V
9 _2 K6 I6 n# C% o 3. 随前一致$ A7 r% ?; y: F4 x) C& D* P6 D
together with, as well as, with, including, of
% o0 @$ C# J8 A4 B' F 4. 随后一致6 G. W( n3 ~9 l4 N) z
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V$ v3 S9 x2 Z+ ~5 N
not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V0 U2 X3 U4 N1 e, u B( u
5. 就近一致
% P$ V: l, o( a 单n. or 复n.
; s* V9 w" c i3 W! b' m either 单n. or 复n.( [! u/ F9 S0 V! A6 w4 ~
neither 单n. nor 复n.
+ E0 ~4 q. P. q) L. G# b, q is he or we... 对
' ^- N$ I/ y; A {9 Y N! K+ I he or we are... 对1 Q/ r9 s* u. [
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词( d! R& ]& B' y5 s
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词6 ^8 V9 k# D" @' \
例外:war and peace is/was$ |0 o6 i( l5 o9 f6 X+ [+ Z) B
black and white is/was3 k) n# u; i( ]! e
bread and butter is/was$ B/ d! n8 {1 D! a" P9 F
to love and to be loved is/was
4 p& P2 d. T0 R 7. 百分比结构/ @0 K8 u( A4 q, ~
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent) B, {- w8 @, o
__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数$ y& A9 r/ l: W6 e# @
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致
+ |: O1 R3 p5 u6 {3 P8 ` There be...+ f" s5 \: s; Y# V5 d6 Z4 R& |) z
between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装
3 c; m- m. s5 Z# S% U8 E! E. e4 D: { Between ...+ be + noun.
) l$ m* D/ m k) B, x3 b0 \' N Among...+ be + noun.9 F0 d- p1 Q/ E) u
主 + 系 + 表
- K1 D- Y, c% x; B4 e5 L' ?2 O, d* c 主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致* r7 s; e5 F% k9 z4 J% u
9. The+ adj.
1 ? p$ L) C' a: `2 O9 p3 A5 v7 m8 ?$ y a. 表示“一类人”用复数V
& f0 P# E4 L+ E! n/ V" l The rich are ridiculous& J( u3 p& A' }6 v
b. 表示某一抽象概念
, F7 g$ H# ]- A8 x The good is attractive
1 \6 A$ w! b& R. X+ Q/ @$ { 10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V' b. j3 m& D2 T$ n1 \/ ?- q, j2 B& Z
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V7 M% L; G( V3 r$ a
many a + 单noun. + 单V& e4 a& W6 ^# k ~% }
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two( a+ ~' J4 X# h2 C3 {& A) Q9 U
news 单数 measles 不可数
7 |& U! t6 N1 X# Q the series 用is/are从上下文得出
& f4 i$ P! T6 n 二、时态
O$ g* A7 X( y! C- e- D/ [ 1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时
+ _( g) Y" B4 |: l2 j2 M 2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时
; t* B8 r1 q- Y1 o& x 3. for/since:来自www.Examw.com
# Z7 Z9 s) @0 q6 S. T% e for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时& x8 q7 P/ q1 G
since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时
' z/ T# {; k" c I have been a teacher for 3 years.2 f6 P- B4 y$ Z4 ?
I have been a teacher since 1996.
# a+ J( i o% a! B. } I was a teacher for 3 years.
4 t% K3 Z' {2 g- n; ] o 4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
! X |( h4 I/ p 时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用
2 j& g2 w0 L6 f' U" g6 C 一般现在时和一般过去时混用4 r% Q5 N- _1 S. N
三、语态" D1 L6 z5 _( ^ Q$ t# _
考主被的混用! k& S5 e9 O! c6 {, ?
一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感
3 H5 K ^5 O8 z( U( f* E! v1 I 1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.. o# \ U( G) E$ }* Y
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子9 s! V/ O6 b2 Y
my advice rpoved to be wrong9 ^* |; X! B& T/ A4 l# d& T
2. 位于:locate永远考被动9 p Y/ p1 o [% D2 O
situate 主动:把...放置;确定位置
* S }. t( K1 \- G- n3 x) _ 被动:位于9 D7 v2 p/ e3 B* p" S' {: [7 H+ L
3. 需要:need, want, require
' I6 A6 `( m6 w4 N1 _5 y ┏ 情态动词+动原$ E$ Y: O* l4 W
┃ ┏ doing% y. l& K" V$ h: V! S
need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般
3 b, v* O7 x5 s/ h, q& m2 i ┃ ┗ to be done
$ W) i. R8 L; | ┗ n.词
% h! d- d) k$ C My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动( K0 c! t( W+ Z7 C# s1 z q
┗ to be repaired.
1 ~$ a+ O8 [. V% l( {6 p require┏ to be done
5 b( Q) H9 I) `( Q want ┗ doing }2 W/ o6 z# c0 O; S, }, s
4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move4 r4 g& A; R+ e# ?) n% ?" y
I am pleased. 主语高兴
k9 @6 U+ a& ]& i The news is pleasing. 令人高兴; L y) C9 E2 x
使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)
+ `% A7 A: M3 C) v) o Franklin is so moved., M. e3 P4 h& F
The story is so moving. |