一、主谓一致
# z* l+ R# u3 u& V 1. 主谓的分隔原则
$ X. p7 X( u$ I6 l/ n S, ---,VO
$ z) m0 r7 `. ~; H( F+ t/ ~) \ 主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔2 C5 J4 U5 X0 U: h; E/ W9 f
* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关
4 @4 n, Z: r1 f0 a* f( o 2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
7 T0 N+ r" I( K, q9 _& u2 ~* J ...noun.+that/which+V4 R8 p) i' d! d. E+ ~+ W
* that, which并不反映单复数6 S, @' J2 f3 H V! y9 u5 J
one of 复n + that/which + 复V
! K- a+ m1 X" x- f$ z M9 E the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V0 ~$ e# a3 v2 U& R; {( |% H/ ?/ O
3. 随前一致' N% D7 T h/ j9 o$ |
together with, as well as, with, including, of2 v- G8 R6 c, [5 i4 Z6 |; C' \" I
4. 随后一致# i/ p( I0 ~& b* x
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V
, v* d! y& o6 _ not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V
, q8 C K/ k3 q- c; _' K- ?" E 5. 就近一致" |) A. u6 y7 `
单n. or 复n.
. I9 T7 o2 \0 G, K( r) a( Z either 单n. or 复n.
2 I# N/ I' w. R) W neither 单n. nor 复n.* H }3 G& P5 U, p8 F8 e, r
is he or we... 对# F2 j/ a ]9 }3 D9 q G
he or we are... 对* j! d2 a+ R3 O2 R; u
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词
5 d9 S, g% s% i 不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词
+ \( s# b* @+ i 例外:war and peace is/was
9 F" a8 k. |) D4 |- X: P black and white is/was
l! `& m3 m2 Y2 X bread and butter is/was* P5 k- j0 L6 @- V g7 q& C
to love and to be loved is/was
& {$ _" H: D, Q 7. 百分比结构
. P4 A8 l5 E' a most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent2 w* Q7 |* u0 O: o
__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数9 o) k$ ~, y; w, i
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致
1 i. t" F! o- y+ U There be...
P2 a. c0 v( g, s1 a between , among 等介词位于句首,即引起倒装
+ \9 _$ g- p6 H8 h" ~5 h Between ...+ be + noun.
2 `7 h4 |# Q0 y0 L Among...+ be + noun.
; o5 a* y% y& y9 P% y1 x 主 + 系 + 表2 Z; j- \9 l; q9 U0 `* }6 n
主系关系要一致,系表关系可以不一致
* I& e! E! p" z3 B! V0 D 9. The+ adj.9 j6 L1 B i$ \
a. 表示“一类人”用复数V
. }0 A' b1 G. {& B The rich are ridiculous
1 C& u/ E0 i$ }4 u" Q b. 表示某一抽象概念
0 ]' H5 S, E- x! v The good is attractive% Z0 Z. ~$ a$ m" a- R9 c
10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V( h6 g% j+ \+ @" M& l) y
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V
7 M7 k8 O6 q9 t7 F many a + 单noun. + 单V
& I7 F; d7 i2 A a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two
) r P) f. U4 w& m! k+ ] news 单数 measles 不可数" H2 N o: ^ U& Y) u) D( j( O
the series 用is/are从上下文得出8 t! w6 c* K& ?# n
二、时态* {( U l" x* U5 l3 R5 Y
1. in + 过去某一时间,用一般现在时/ N0 [4 I1 o7 d& r
2. befort+ 过去年份,用过去完成时1 f* n8 n" M- i; A% K2 X
3. for/since:来自www.Examw.com6 d3 O8 Q, B- u
for后跟时间段,可用现在完成和一般过去时
! K9 k. X- k. k) ?" {/ {6 M3 {0 W since 后跟时间点,只能跟现在完成时4 ~3 H2 N4 s* l' q& c2 t T; t# [
I have been a teacher for 3 years.* L2 B' O7 b1 u8 b( Q0 X1 j, Z
I have been a teacher since 1996.
0 u9 P$ s1 ~5 a# h I was a teacher for 3 years.
. C P0 a, {8 W 4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时% t' N: X, _7 j. Y
时态:现在完成时和一般过去时混用3 E9 A7 E. K6 |4 g
一般现在时和一般过去时混用
2 i9 |# f: I/ O$ I 三、语态% ~) N+ f; d' M8 d
考主被的混用
$ ?$ a& x: e8 C8 \ 一个证明,二个位于,三个需要,四个情感
- g) `. J# }" _6 k- B2 d( }9 f8 B! ] 1. 证明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.6 X0 O! E' ~0 t3 O# ?+ D
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子4 B* K1 p f I; O4 f/ d
my advice rpoved to be wrong
! V) O6 e' c2 u 2. 位于:locate永远考被动
P1 u9 t/ e) `' I) |5 o, X situate 主动:把...放置;确定位置
4 R# J5 E. D3 g! M 被动:位于* w) P- K; C. l, B3 U$ d
3. 需要:need, want, require @& K Q6 h3 K% o/ f- {# L
┏ 情态动词+动原+ c" G" N( f/ }) b- q5 k) U
┃ ┏ doing/ _4 a+ r* C/ d
need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般( s5 \+ `0 S g& V) b
┃ ┗ to be done% I1 a) ~: n! B: f& A' C$ v/ D' u
┗ n.词
s8 B4 C1 E7 J, |( |" g' B6 c My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动
" |7 A! V$ v. _ ┗ to be repaired.
8 u: f( Z2 A8 I2 }% p+ @1 I& k require┏ to be done/ l5 [: {- H8 C, K
want ┗ doing( s/ B; X* h8 G; p( }; ^: o
4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move( q2 G$ c7 `2 \; c9 v" o/ Z
I am pleased. 主语高兴4 @& ]! A& x, j1 X' B% I+ B! f$ d
The news is pleasing. 令人高兴
* S- N7 x) O7 I3 \9 q 使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)- g* W4 G. `+ D0 O- B# {
Franklin is so moved.
$ E8 [/ _ {* w$ o3 R: Y The story is so moving. |