一、作表语:形容词和副词的混用
) l- P8 Z$ i( R. v 1. be + adv. -> be + adj.2 b; l" @/ q$ |, `* f
eg: be rarly -> be rare
9 j3 v7 O1 t8 F% [" O 2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep
8 r6 U& g0 L. |% K6 j eg: be value for -> be valuable for
0 ~; {' s$ N, e4 I9 d% E! e be fame for -> be famous for
( N/ m0 ^$ l: w 3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一
% Y/ w) {; f+ y9 \7 { be forcibily 错
i3 w8 t. Z& Z! l" z be completely enclosed 对' l! L/ R5 _: e+ {/ e$ S" o: w9 ?0 L
be originally a poem 对
) p2 t, c! m) w6 Z. u/ l be typicaly concerned with 对" s: U7 l* o+ y" N- }
be generally with 对
$ V6 ~) j) G/ m% R1 a) U, K ┏数+noun.: [- {' ^* Y Y% M
be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.9 I6 P6 B6 a$ [' b( ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语$ I' ~, ?, ]# A- j0 E$ q( y# Z
┗>adv.
& U7 b g8 h& p h7 e* C2 m2 f: a 二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用
* g3 ? k- K) m' n& X' I$ G *原则:名词比动名词优先
2 \8 K, l9 a+ |6 T) S$ { from their kinding 错
3 v x) \* H+ [ food supplying 错( |; E1 Z' u8 D; Y# y( `
区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词+ f$ t2 o: m( a- w; B; a% t
动名词作宾语,后面可接名词! L3 a3 G! u* b
动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art N2 }2 \& H% I1 N
动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了: W' a5 T. P7 o( ^, p
三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用5 t2 Q$ F0 }1 {8 `; f" p! _8 B& J
1. when, while/during, in" E- s2 q/ D t% B$ ]. ]+ `
* when, while+ noun. 永远错1 d; q5 f9 u! }' s+ K5 w) i
during + 句子 永远错
4 \9 J `# \! S, L4 H! |' t- Q 2. although/despite, I+ x" P+ L! t+ F1 L! @/ d* e1 U
despite + 句子 永远错# x' @0 u) ?2 W- c3 R1 G
despite the fact that 对www.Examw.com( h( w$ X3 H& D6 ? z
3. even though/even
# h) B8 r, P _: D 前者为连词,后者为副词
9 d, J$ q( z/ g& ?! n even + 句子 永远错, @. ?8 S$ f/ k$ Y
四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用6 v4 L; e# a% T1 `9 F% [
1. and/also# X6 i9 y4 d& T/ [, s6 ?
前连后副! }! M! v* c' K4 o+ j6 E+ y
V also V 对
6 e6 |1 R2 H$ }0 X1 g& @" V5 n6 P0 k noun. also noun. 错& l$ e" b. Z/ L/ }* D; ~# K
2. or / else
+ _" G5 l! E# B/ D7 U2 G2 S6 ^, b& m 前连后副
1 N' b0 X4 x h by scant else by color 错9 \; u9 |' J4 e# o
3. but/instead
- `- _! c9 V* H2 u 前连后副
) ^' r. z7 H6 S 五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用
T; n# P, x0 X8 E6 ~ architect -> architectural
& c2 c: |, f1 t inventor -> inventation0 i3 ?5 ^$ C4 _+ \; h1 ?
sculptor -> sculpture
B. o* \5 z- e {: m poet -> poem, poetry
1 h) o% A8 n$ { V# }' ]2 ]0 ~ novelist -> novel
8 z( {+ } M+ R8 S* O1 ^* I educator -> education d; q3 \0 O( p8 I! @) C# o b x
settler -> settlement% m( @0 S& u. @" o3 F: d. S
composer -> composition
/ h. ~* y- F# c: f8 p2 _: Y engineer -> engineering
- r! S9 Q- d0 R- K- t+ @3 _0 a 六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用9 ^% {5 Z2 i+ f
原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先
5 f2 \! D- @+ V) o5 d eg: certain 比certainty优先" u, K( I- }3 \8 X; X) l/ Q/ M' {
当意义不同时,就无所谓优先
8 w: U8 v* F/ {' c1 n 如: color monitor 彩显
5 U) g, q/ M$ C4 V9 ? colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器* W% t5 a7 L8 N3 E- [% y8 a
colorful effect 多彩的效果
4 A. Y5 M* ^5 H- ^9 q color effect 彩色效果
0 t3 `% U5 F* W4 l, T D- d3 o 例外:% I' [1 B j1 }* a* D: c
1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰
. |% j' P0 e1 g the city or regional planning: ~4 Z$ f, M& V0 J
Beijing city commercial bank' O/ }- X$ u9 ^
the state government
; J% z. {2 E( ?6 }: B$ u: d 2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj.- _& {# U8 S' O
safty glass 防弹玻璃& R7 r' F' c: H# C3 e8 p8 Z
exhibition flights 飞行表演# _' ?6 A# |% b5 ~
color monitor 彩显
( p4 |" O$ P. c( b/ L& F 3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj.1 W0 M3 e( N& n
***noun. + noun. 最后选+ R! L' Y! ?- G3 |9 a* U8 l
beauty salon 对
; ^( i& e( |4 j% G intelligence test 对" i& p# h- Y. K n. U8 C8 p2 U
*noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选8 W5 E! f% F6 U( e7 w! `" {0 S X
b. 有无同概念形容词
z; Q$ d. b+ ]! d, u9 b5 p c. 看句意% I* y; p. I0 D! G; M
七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用3 j$ \% e- ?1 v3 k$ M0 w
1. 副词永远不能修饰名词
- a+ m* r3 `0 l up arms -> upper arms5 }- s- O% q' ]$ X# F" g
注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语
: ~: r: C" O8 X, u% r, X. I$ L * special 永远改 especially
; c% E" [* |1 S7 L2 [3 P6 u The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten
7 I6 Z% U# F9 J8 m the health of patient.
|8 l$ w" \7 O% C; `! m 2. adj. + adj. + noun. Z9 x: j3 z% O& w9 S& ~( t6 f& G) e
依次修饰关系
/ \' t6 w! Q6 ^. `- P1 R an old red car
4 t( e0 i- F$ i7 X2 H" j$ l a frequent pretty girl(??)
. }' z$ o+ ~* j( }" H0 W, M 3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对
/ f" x$ d; S8 T' W2 c 数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错" ^5 G4 Z% x8 N: l7 `9 n% C
adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对
. } `* q3 j2 y; J. ` 4. ┏ adj.4 C6 l' d% K3 K. V
┃ V
4 H* b z. f4 ?, d" A adj. + ┃ prep.
+ E% j( o7 K' B8 n: R+ ^ ~~~~ ┃ adv.; _6 \3 E, q7 [% a2 Y5 [
┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语
6 H5 Y" J# G0 c! O: g0 Q# r5 O ┗ 数词 |