第三节 冠词作限定词* L1 O! M& @" Z! P( o) W$ r. k
冠词是一个虚词，本身不能够独立使用， 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别，那些地方要加the那些地方不加。
1 K% z" A3 k1 A7 T( v考点一 不定冠词a / an
c# k; \% E0 N2 t% q2 w2 j# j! p' Y* X: K" t% J: V: e7 L! k
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数，a和an 的主要区别是: + ]2 A* h6 j0 ` g% A6 W* V* U
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university
) y& U3 X( b3 f; ean用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour 5 i& g3 q0 r' a$ y/ q$ c
& C7 ]; L/ N( k
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). 1 d- r. j9 k. m
4 D9 J) ? Y5 T% e例题: " C" E' Q% _+ c( `
(1) " Z5 j" j: R, x
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. 2 e& ]4 w2 i0 L" H) |* }" Z
应改为: puzzle.
6 B4 L+ c+ X* q1 }! a; M解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle * X; Z7 [# K& {2 C0 ?2 ?5 A* V
(2)
+ ^+ K/ ^8 ]' |% b7 y' ]/ vWhether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture. 1 H' n% y" w# E |; k, }
应改为: day
5 o6 C, F& {# t) N; b% _4 u5 ]解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day ( [# i% ]! t& z
(3)
7 Z8 } {8 k" r! TPewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker.# F. r1 h4 u2 A' E9 h
应改为: still a practical4 l, Y$ p# U0 B- l: I1 m( l# V
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词
9 M* a$ [: M+ n. ?! \* V% g3 a) ga, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 4 d% w/ o% `* b# _& T
例题:
9 q4 Z; t( u2 R7 D% _; i6 C; a(1) # \2 v7 c. t. l) C9 Z6 T: m+ T3 i
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.5 B9 Z" Z* N1 x- Q, t1 X) h& V+ u
应改为: An emotion) s) b: o$ G7 E0 O. O o
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an 8 A2 ?/ W1 e4 F: v
(2) 5 @+ m* j/ K: _; a% w
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
) \6 G/ e, U# b' U- D应改为: an atom& u7 s7 `8 |9 z. U8 c) A
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
