第三节 冠词作限定词
( `- [: z, r* R8 @7 [/ r7 B冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 : {% ^3 W I0 N+ G7 ]1 ?
考点一 不定冠词a / an
. d- J' n9 A6 G: E# w/ {& M# w: E( L7 h: K$ D) O8 n
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是:
! k+ m2 k, _1 b7 @4 Ca 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university
- c ?7 p7 r$ F) |3 n) ~an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour 2 |) T- V' |# j2 o
0 K) I4 H. {$ W4 C3 T* Y* w) r
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). 5 f/ ?1 V7 U1 f) ^
/ r: h" k7 Z3 F# D% }# G
例题:
! J% S% O6 Y+ S(1)
5 W; i4 i( Z1 I* f ^How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. 0 z& {' r& Q" `3 z' a5 c
应改为: puzzle. : S: u0 o' M3 T
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名词puzzle ' p& x- B2 v6 R) L* k3 W2 K' f
(2)
' A3 c; m) { P5 o' TWhether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of physiology and of culture.
7 D+ Y% p# j q! V2 m( U2 i应改为: day @ K5 C. i" g8 Q' `) _) E
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day
( v% c! u, F' B) ?4 H7 k(3) & ^+ A8 W$ s6 Y: l" |1 `, X
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessional metal worker.! A6 H- m- ~. a j r
应改为: still a practical" r& c( S& F+ F: |. T, q5 e& M" U" Y
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 ' k5 F& a. U' Q+ Q! w
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型
' W% E* o x7 P' d4 ]例题:+ J l' k( ]/ @ k, J; E
(1) 7 Q0 O9 r! \" @( Q5 k& ]2 [) K) K
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.
* Y' @# K |# G3 L! s5 o应改为: An emotion. j- S$ z2 u b% D0 [8 s
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an
& r& K0 h$ l- f* v(2) , }/ R) y, J" R# x# e
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.! w7 q! W+ t, M q9 n
应改为: an atom5 y! W7 E- w" { ]" M
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an |