托福考试辅导：语法讲解（9）

会计考友

第六节 名词在句中的作用
考点一 名词(词组)作主语
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语
例题:
(1)
$ B$ P* v) N5 L% f8 ZIn 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
3 B  D4 e0 Z2 `# X. a! f  (A) was a major collection
0 F' [& {0 r3 `  Y* T. A  (B) that a major collection
  (C) a collection was major
  (D) a major collection
  ^3 ~' U) x9 b9 u- P+ e答案: (D)
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句
(2)
9 c4 ^# P. g( _0 u" S( J The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval alchemists.
8 g' e: h0 a8 s9 A应改为：beginnings.
解释：句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语

- A5 F% p% E0 ^8 W  n考点二 名词(词组)作宾语
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语
例题:
(1)
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans.
(A) new dance, the twist
(B) twist, was the new dance
(C) twist, the new dance that
2 V( B) N2 z( d9 k& q (D) new dance is the twist
答案: (A)
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语
1 m2 E) ]2 `* R( k* z. S5 q, h" C# Z(2)
0 j; @8 @5 f0 E! l% j% XInstructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch.
, x( P+ l; f4 S3 D" F应改为: promise.
! h& y+ A2 \+ `$ j7 i, h解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词