托福考试辅导：语法讲解（9）

会计考友

第六节 名词在句中的作用
2 ], U8 [7 X( z考点一 名词(词组)作主语
. S7 n. _2 h! O* R$ q填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语
例题:
(1)
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
- X) k% {; ^. s- T, y2 U; h0 C  (A) was a major collection
- n. x8 Q7 a9 C6 R$ E) ?  (B) that a major collection
. G! n- O; k) G. v  Z; _' h9 N: x  (C) a collection was major
  (D) a major collection
4 a! I- j+ e. v+ T答案: (D)
7 ~" f2 I( Y1 t4 b* G解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句
- |$ V) w6 J' U4 t0 t* }- W(2)
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval alchemists.
  e- ~) w3 C& ~5 j应改为：beginnings.
解释：句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语
1 G1 S9 w  r( }1 w
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语
6 L3 i" B) @% c例题:
(1)
0 z- Z* t7 H0 @+ P7 }* x9 \5 H# KIn 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans.
(A) new dance, the twist
(B) twist, was the new dance
(C) twist, the new dance that
(D) new dance is the twist
答案: (A)
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语
# S0 P/ _9 `( f, _! c1 e(2)
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch.
( i( L6 Q2 m& B6 I+ i! r9 |应改为: promise.
. e! U/ T/ |* s$ V% p解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词