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[托福写作] 托福写作辅导:高分加分点之承上启下

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:46:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
承上启下 ) S* {7 k- b- ?; T# s8 K$ a3 f
1. 表示结论 0 S  P/ M/ t, F4 J# @* j& E

4 ^2 r9 z% v" u1 K* B8 f; O2 @in conclusion
# m4 e* D* @: k/ j8 x. O* u in sum2 C9 G3 e3 l8 \2 A7 O. ]* X
to conclude
# O& }! \2 L1 n8 C( } to sum up
' W, H& t2 Q! u; K& h+ K6 g/ M
( ~7 K6 f9 C$ a- y: r6 k2. 表示肯定程度
8 z. q& |. O" [/ E/ n- u) h% O! @+ S$ V' B
certainly
5 j- t. I" m, Z" g8 m0 K) M+ a5 c clearly
4 J+ a9 S- Z" C8 Z( k7 ^5 a" l* r obviously
: m9 j( v8 P, _5 f/ A plainly! T. n* p( _  }2 z
apparently
! a+ H5 m" q% b0 Y surely6 ~* e7 C, {* f  {
undoubtedly  ~2 l' C& r: J0 l# y
naturally
& Y5 [1 R5 W& g/ s+ v! @' t* s3 pfor certain( U7 j( G) Z& B$ a+ _+ S: A6 y- H
for sure$ n% {3 |: X8 ?3 p+ A  o) C! _
of course
  m; E, G# ]" x. l never
% W4 d/ z! S7 }) I0 Z+ [' L( w always
$ i- z6 j  I6 [( T+ x7 d
& f( U# f3 J# P0 o* M1 y 8 S8 P7 u. K* I, H

" [: U( Z# X! v% t* c, F, n 9 E& R9 Z( z6 H* Y: b9 I, r

1 o- a5 h5 I2 T& c. m0 S! Rpossibly  Y3 A$ H( t0 L1 B3 S
perhaps
* i; f& d" i1 y; b! V# w; k# N0 e likely& C6 @6 s. @# E3 ?
probably: w7 s  K1 Z" g% n
potentially9 M1 R- y, @# X( n. M) P
presumably! m) |' N  w( |, v; Z. e( M
to some extend
, v+ j1 ]2 k$ u7 bin a large sense' ~% d, M0 P  c
generally speaking6 k( ?1 R- c! Z0 e' t- b
in a sense
' {/ o$ s; o) r( P- h# ] generally1 D; J* K( L! l! T4 f, |( W- w
in some sense7 k8 X/ O5 y/ }: @: g7 [3 D* l
normally
8 }! t" [5 Q4 A3 G" y3 u- b ideally0 s6 {0 k+ J  N% ?
$ V1 _& W6 V6 z' A5 B% }* o) H
3. 引出新观点
* @/ P8 ~' q+ x8 j! q& H& l6 Q$ H& q6 ]  G+ n4 F# G; t
first6 x. M/ C: i( n4 y
second
9 f6 I/ |$ c, h5 o' C' O" z third8 ^+ Q7 P0 T8 i" U
finally5 m; S- y/ C5 V5 d; q  ^6 ~
in the first place) y; f" i+ p: {/ ~7 d& d- T# A
in the second place, C3 ~* Z1 }+ B9 f
last but not least$ j5 L( z2 {! j2 I0 }; o3 v2 f2 B+ f
first of all6 m& O: z! w4 B. Z# `
next5 \) Q5 G- f. I9 B3 q
another
4 W, o$ @: A) K( E% t- I0 m In addition  X( ~& j* x: ?7 c; P$ X$ w7 [
additionally6 ~* n) _8 D- H; m0 U* T. T
further
8 }9 R8 C; o& w/ J0 S7 }! I2 u furthermore; q3 L1 X: _0 W. T$ P$ R
moreover& j" A+ u% F* J3 j
also+ D, }3 w5 J0 I
likewise8 N( v5 c& Y0 i6 ?) T
similarly
( q& {. O. u4 i/ @6 y& W* K; o: K% ^4 I more importantly
( }) I8 b0 x3 W& A" g% B1 l; E; P imagine
( K8 m+ H: r+ N8 f' s2 z0 }& ~* o7 f suppose( ^9 Q: d& ~5 B5 U. H# E& w6 f4 o
most importantly! v: L% r: [  G2 l
for one thing
) u- r1 P+ Z3 ~# l7 A; j. n for another
; Q: ~4 X- h; J6 Y$ [9 a4. 引出详细解释
4 [# _/ C! x) f' F) h" d
# h- E: Y. C4 D& x, P specifically# d2 N# Y, h$ A
particularly
% E  B  [8 ^+ s4 K0 v# m for example
+ E9 F9 A: A8 n3 Y for instance' F0 R; B! k" O' a! P
in this case5 Q# G7 V( y, T, S1 c& `
in that case) G( X, [1 p+ d* d3 Y& U
as well as
: p# _6 w- n- g  } in that3 N* l" e! V3 J3 P
such as2 I. l; O: S, L5 t( N2 g
in addition to
1 V8 K# ]6 |+ [* F% c9 T! w. X
4 {/ E. j  g$ `. ~) K % A$ Y1 g8 k( i. v' z, ~# L0 z
5. 表示对照或其他观点 " G! r. |+ u1 {; H2 ]7 A
6 ], E6 M7 E( q; r& D* n" h
otherwise/ X0 M5 E# e1 i" r
however
4 i- P- R/ n* q3 F3 i- ?3 J nevertheless+ L5 V! ~7 z. L0 _, R+ [8 W
though8 o$ J% Z$ t" `. l7 N
although
8 h3 n" C3 x7 d7 ^( Y yet
/ A2 c5 u2 @% y. K/ C3 ?( Y8 z meanwhile* N" n- H! f6 b% y
while
! n  Y! d5 x/ K But5 {/ p- N2 Q7 o6 Y$ F2 k
instead5 G0 z- K& r8 E! q
still
! y3 ^+ a- O/ `9 D1 V anyway
) r9 l# u# b8 ~; W  ]9 j unlike
9 u# r2 ?6 n1 w on the contrary
. P1 p( p' d& p3 O6 V by contrast
7 `* k/ l% F9 l1 D by comparison' e# m) M" K) v) ?9 W1 q
in any case
& v# y/ Q' n$ Z/ K at any rate4 c  A/ ?: Y2 x4 U+ y- j0 q
in spite of5 R' n8 n9 f9 u& W
rather than
& H# o% q  Q# ]5 q0 q  K on the one hand& u5 w: Q+ n  W" R
on the other hand1 O9 b6 j, V/ |3 C: }! H" |, S
even if8 v6 l0 w3 l& a+ g
apart from( x' I; b% ~; k) `' I0 \) I1 n; v
instead of2 ]9 ]) j7 A$ S( O3 G& M8 E* O
even so" Z) L/ c+ Z( l  p4 r
3 ~; h& \7 k+ D7 F( B

4 U; m9 O* T+ ~' M( a! K$ N' ]6. 表示证据出现 # U- o* n9 q* S# Y; l
! ~; O: S9 [. P2 `0 [
since6 S: t5 C3 _2 L1 o8 h2 M
because+ W3 j3 ~6 F* r# m( K4 C+ r: O
actually
& h3 t" ~6 Q9 H% ?. c+ m- f in fact
. M9 r/ \1 I3 F+ b4 V. M0 l, D! d as a matter of fact! O2 i! D; D8 @4 R) ^8 @7 @8 y3 D
as a result" T% v, c: E4 }" i+ g+ m3 b
due to
6 Y7 Q/ U' e+ K1 c owing to
( D5 c& K- g; @# i7 `) I( I1 F; I8 k5 z: u* d7 a
7. 表示推理 " k$ F$ \, j+ I" e' x, P
8 |4 l3 u' @) X9 e) s
as a result
: `: ]( }: N2 ^7 s$ U accordingly; p3 ~; [7 R( n- G( F
consequently
6 n7 u  }) M. E( L$ K4 I hence& g5 I% K' U# m5 `6 \6 d
thus
+ ^2 O. v7 ^, m) D: `- Y' b; e ultimately  O+ E* F4 h. F' @, v( ]3 \
thereby1 p3 m/ y' W) c0 X* g# F8 q
therefore
. y6 X# i  g9 U9 G$ ^# k0 ] as a consequence! ?9 C; L( P" r( U: z/ d$ h
if so! l" s8 j7 J0 U( d
if not
2 U* i" d, X7 d7 N according to
4 c! V: ^6 Z2 R) ]. x( S% H8. 表示反复说明 . m  N( l% d; E, e
! c6 G8 L! v4 o! u5 L& v
in other words. e. x& y0 @& h$ D" n% x3 z
briefly; J2 I4 C8 V+ ]0 o8 w6 C
that is
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