转述中的指称:The speaker the lecturer the professor The passage the writer the author 观点的表述1 j% v. }1 x5 X( z$ H5 t+ x% t
The author: discuss introduce argue conclude suggest recommend propose appeal
2 Q6 o: s7 u1 {3 v: n( K The speaker:1.point out say tell 7 |4 l6 ~& z3 D- [! L. z) p/ w
) H" A; M! r- p9 [' U 2.disagree disapprove refute rebut reject object to oppose counter
) E( x& Y/ O4 y6 q k3 O 3.doubt question challenge; F" _* P, a0 c. k! u; u$ t7 b
4.cite mention quote refer to
+ y9 S+ W# [7 F8 V% J+ m6 ]( I* G 5.suggest put forward illustrate show explain* J- {$ T- l) Q, \0 ~( |$ {- y
反驳关联套句
7 T ^: P5 X) l4 u V- q5 X 1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.8 f; u' |( d9 _
2.This is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.& X7 ^( ?/ b6 \/ X, c3 \
3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.
0 v: M4 z. v1 N 4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.
0 A. g- J J* H 5.not as the passage puts it, …. A% Y- Q" k: Z. l D8 H/ \
6.Unlike described in the passage" V: B/ r M* |; ~( y6 P! n" D0 N
7.contrary to the passage, …/quite the contrary, …/quite the opposite,…/just the opposite, …/ by contraries, …/on the contrary, …/to the contrary, …
- P+ [' k( O0 d0 a0 E6 P# { 8.while/whereas the writer states…., the lecturer opposes the claim
1 u. }. ^9 H. X3 K' T 9.actually/in fact/in deed
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2 S: b" D) C4 p+ N; G9 J 10.The fact is …/the point is…/it turns out that… |