(4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。
+ H8 b' }- r. H9 p ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
/ F' y* P1 M2 X3 a7 X There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。. }! K) Q3 z ]& B8 F
Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。
! e* Y2 Y& _% u) N' Q1 A! ]' } ②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:8 @8 }; D4 P2 O. z5 `; C% l
The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。! [# k! h) y) H2 l2 y
The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。" t& C+ |9 y8 ~- k- b
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。
, ` W5 I4 H& h' T# r, T Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.
% @1 ~* ^% t; q, G+ t 大多数物质热胀冷缩。
* H# A1 W+ f% H% G- v! u( ^/ Z ③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:1 i& U( d, `% s& S; X8 }
Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。0 x d% \3 y. |
Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。: Q |" a- L; a+ O, R: h
Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。
- C$ U* X6 r. l$ B/ c4 q- s ④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:
7 A3 I: L9 m" Z( V6 b The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)
" f: B8 n$ S! Y' K+ H Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。)
- X) o9 W" M0 r+ g (5)反译:在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。如:* C O9 }0 l4 H6 l- |
①beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对....时,其短语有时用反译法。如:
# G/ `3 s% R- Q( {& C; v8 e1 ^, V- z( q It is post repair.这东西无法修补了。
; E t# `4 w0 ^' ~ W3 P) b There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有些论据不同意这行星上可能有生物。" f4 q' m- N, e7 z% @. Z. ^! T
Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。
6 V, x; O# Z1 q3 h ②off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时有反译法。如:
8 V! E) |9 P5 n, `/ p The boat sank off the coast.这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。
4 D6 N- q0 r# O- |9 n2 ~: L ③but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,有时用反译法。
" T e- o, _% D# B5 M4 n Copper is the best conductor but silver.铜是仅次于银的最优导体。
$ _; J" U# H2 [) O, v( d* h The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。; s/ g& ?& q) _+ m( q
④from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。如:
. i1 `9 f4 I) S/ l9 h3 ~! U An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
' r" m& _7 ]! K- M( k+ F The signal was shown about the machine being order.信号表明机器设有毛病。& l) X5 a$ {3 S) @5 k) c0 A, l
一个词脱离上下文是不能翻译的'(索伯列夫),没有上下文就没有词义。介词的翻译须根据上下文和词的搭配灵活处理,切忌作对号入座的机械翻译 |