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[综合辅导] 商业托福考试:介词的翻译技巧2

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。
7 e" c* r( C6 X. O. f  ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
+ p$ p6 J$ L* v7 _4 \+ _  There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。0 x+ M' \; T4 T
  Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。# K+ W3 c: _4 y+ t7 j
  ②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:
) f8 F7 L9 R7 T/ ~( _. Y3 S  The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。
1 R$ J, L& d( f/ y* D) M- g0 h: i  The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。
! A& Q; b+ B3 Q4 w# D( M, z1 v  Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。
: J7 O  W5 d( m/ j- t  Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.  j& U2 N3 Q9 }( H
  大多数物质热胀冷缩。5 k* i$ T5 q$ g) ]
  ③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:
& ]( w" I" J9 y# K  Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。
+ G5 y1 w' k( O& H; X: l" E  Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。
* Y! m2 b: J5 K% J: o  ]6 G! G- H1 [  Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。
- h- v$ R/ j, M- A8 Y  ④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:- C6 G% _. K. V9 O! ?# a/ N+ e: b3 t
  The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)
) W, b3 ]6 T3 ~5 y8 ^1 \# n  Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。)
$ q3 e6 }3 g2 E  (5)反译:在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。如:1 L3 ~. O- K' q. N; k; p
  ①beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对....时,其短语有时用反译法。如:
* A, N& _% T% g# Y  It is post repair.这东西无法修补了。% W  f$ S6 O& x) E$ q- E% }
  There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有些论据不同意这行星上可能有生物。8 m) u7 s( U0 h/ U- ~1 f" n
  Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。
. y8 `- O! L/ ]" o, k! r  ②off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时有反译法。如:. ?% w* W! h3 S8 U; u
  The boat sank off the coast.这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。
: t2 ^) n' k% e0 t8 i  ③but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,有时用反译法。
/ z2 d/ M1 ~$ S  Copper is the best conductor but silver.铜是仅次于银的最优导体。3 p8 ?, V& Z4 H% J) c
  The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。& G6 s; E& z3 ~
  ④from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。如:& ?; W) l% T& J. Q1 b
  An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
1 G$ ?, ~1 U' P$ v  The signal was shown about the machine being order.信号表明机器设有毛病。0 R# t0 h. Y# [& \
  一个词脱离上下文是不能翻译的'(索伯列夫),没有上下文就没有词义。介词的翻译须根据上下文和词的搭配灵活处理,切忌作对号入座的机械翻译
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