(4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。
, Z& m/ T a% p- T/ q ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
) ]. w5 r( i3 a7 T& M There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。
5 F* W& I3 D: R$ Z8 ^0 q Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。) N; M3 B1 A0 {; a1 U8 P" k
②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:1 W! |) {& M/ y1 P8 |+ M
The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。
4 j ?* O( b7 P The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。. l* k# L6 @4 m6 y* a# Z! ^
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。
5 Y$ ^, T0 s* {! V) |3 U6 S5 j, Z Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling./ p, P0 a7 P, Z* l8 o, R3 v! P
大多数物质热胀冷缩。$ p, b& ^1 S+ C. U. q4 \6 R6 C
③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:
9 t/ c4 M# t! t8 l' W( H" | Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。
; t9 Z; v. }$ m+ x' p, {$ n Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。+ w+ ~& w: I2 B; {6 ]& J" M: D
Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。8 P, t s0 {) t8 _: K2 Q
④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:; C+ c% N7 r) C3 y: P* n
The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)* C% {/ C+ r0 R7 m
Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。); D1 }& Z) P) z3 |& z9 |
(5)反译:在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。如:
! W0 s6 I" K5 E( U! _: A! u, G( x ①beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对....时,其短语有时用反译法。如:
8 G. X8 ]! P/ U3 q; R: B; @ It is post repair.这东西无法修补了。8 g. i9 m% }( R2 g
There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有些论据不同意这行星上可能有生物。* T' ^! h; p$ K! W+ F9 j# J
Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。- k" ~7 e+ p0 f
②off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时有反译法。如:
$ K) e; [, e ]- N/ l }+ H2 d4 W The boat sank off the coast.这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。/ J4 U6 _3 e( V/ T
③but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,有时用反译法。
5 I& |- r: \! j( ? Copper is the best conductor but silver.铜是仅次于银的最优导体。; v4 X8 O6 R0 ^( d: I
The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。
7 p' L) a$ O1 B8 G# R. |4 K* r ④from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。如:3 n/ |, y. G% r7 d
An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
/ u' W$ L0 o# U The signal was shown about the machine being order.信号表明机器设有毛病。
2 ^ W$ [! Q5 \, ~, }3 i 一个词脱离上下文是不能翻译的'(索伯列夫),没有上下文就没有词义。介词的翻译须根据上下文和词的搭配灵活处理,切忌作对号入座的机械翻译。 |