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[综合辅导] 托业综合辅导:考试英语介词的翻译技巧2

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。1 y4 Z; d. U3 m7 u% C! {2 k
  ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
/ L% A0 L& k' x- I$ A  There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。9 Q9 O0 l8 [" O
  Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。9 i; t+ S6 C( Y; |
  ②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:
9 M: Y1 Z/ N1 E4 H5 h: E: y& j  The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。
+ g6 S" D8 x" [- W, L  The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。6 T% G6 z) \4 @$ p' j3 ]
  Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。
4 L* S# h) \! ?1 B7 I6 z2 b  Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.
1 _* Y8 X# b) {% A; R  大多数物质热胀冷缩。' A9 ~/ p, h/ n0 g) `
  ③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:! L0 D8 ^4 v# r. q) H
  Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。
6 T: l9 C. F: U$ E7 n  Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。3 z; B% I1 z/ U& H) g
  Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。! q* F$ d8 L: u2 C% x
  ④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:
" B1 U& n) O' o- J4 Y; N7 ^) `  The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)
. w  R- Z  H, Q; z* j+ }  Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。)  i5 ^- j, B3 C* p! F
  (5)反译:在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。如:4 x# G' ?  s+ `1 m
  ①beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对....时,其短语有时用反译法。如:
+ o1 W6 d: `2 w9 T; A9 g- b, p' A0 s  It is post repair.这东西无法修补了。& A  O4 X8 v0 E( v; q: T8 `" p2 q/ G
  There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有些论据不同意这行星上可能有生物。: ?# `# S9 t# n7 n
  Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。
9 x& r' C; D! @5 y/ J) I* Y  ②off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时有反译法。如:8 I2 ]+ k8 m5 |  ?: O5 \* q
  The boat sank off the coast.这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。
; z, G3 Q+ G; J/ I, u3 t- f# d* U- a  ③but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,有时用反译法。6 C" G5 K3 M9 _
  Copper is the best conductor but silver.铜是仅次于银的最优导体。5 M; g5 }# {2 k
  The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。
1 j2 K( r- ^1 u9 Y/ K1 P1 {4 B( r  ④from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。如:1 b6 u: p3 _1 D' ]
  An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。, T- X: w6 O5 ?. K" S1 Q& {
  The signal was shown about the machine being order.信号表明机器设有毛病。
* z! H8 x; m7 j  一个词脱离上下文是不能翻译的'(索伯列夫),没有上下文就没有词义。介词的翻译须根据上下文和词的搭配灵活处理,切忌作对号入座的机械翻译。
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