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[综合辅导] 2012年托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  四、非谓语动词
+ g: y8 l9 B- G/ Z  (一) 分词   现在分词和过去分词的区别    ①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
: A3 ]9 l4 X$ Y; ?' T  例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
2 D8 Q5 i. x- e' g3 h8 {  A
: s, e9 z( l: ~4 s8 A  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.: N' O6 W5 G4 H
  B      C            D( w& n) h% X, N1 L/ L# {
  分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning% Y0 w4 o8 _% ]$ P
  ②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动  y( F- m7 E; N: y9 D( X' Q2 N
  例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
) J  [0 `8 G) P* L* l  A               B
# p( Y- a" C. ^3 \& m% O9 j' Y. a  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
+ L1 C+ A4 N; u( y+ w; O  C         D
$ s; a2 ~+ E# p1 I  分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living
7 I, `' E5 g: o) g  一些动词后面必须用doing$ j2 K8 J& p) J) u) N+ s& {
  对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。/ I: V7 x3 n: I; ?
  mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,    advocate, suggest   delay, quit
, }2 K( j# q+ A  l+ q. J5 P$ o  forgive(原谅),tolerate,
7 v- f; h% {) Y4 k3 |2 s! j: p  avoid, escape(逃避)   spend+名词+doing;5 V1 J4 j- d' a8 \! P
  have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing. Y) ]( m7 O9 ~; _
  例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their
& h0 O$ f; t6 _# g9 M  A     B    C              D- ~! F" y# @& U. Q; @, J- m1 t, e
  crops.1 @0 O: O# D% B0 w" v% F6 s6 n
  分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。# T# @, H! S( W  O1 d4 I. w
  例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,, \1 T$ `5 Y( y# f3 x6 v
  A        B4 c; D/ P1 S( x
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.$ _1 O1 f5 h# B, \$ T3 F
  C          D
# b5 g, T' d$ V$ Y4 k1 P  分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
; a7 j& X  v6 c1 |; J3 j1 L  (二) 不定式
, l# d/ |" N3 ~: U) e  A. 动词不定式的省略   ①、help后面可以省略to     help to do
4 v$ \7 k0 o2 A- B' p8 S  help sb. to do/ q3 h4 N( W( I
  例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid
! H6 T3 V: A0 z8 D0 p5 e0 ^" r9 ^+ u  A      B
& i% v/ T8 H' _; e, m* m* O( [  the habits that might shorten the lives.: p: u1 u/ E1 y8 j
  C     D
/ M) K7 W  ^( Z+ }% b  分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。
0 v5 K; U$ k& T0 m9 y& D$ N  ②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个* R. V  u7 y& I5 J3 m
  make,      let,
$ U# W  r: A  s/ [. ^2 H7 E  have sb. do sth     注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.. ^$ d2 [+ a. B9 K, D
  例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
) U9 g* Q7 u/ v% V; p  A               B
+ P3 q! Z/ M4 `4 O2 _  to know when to play various parts of a composition.
& U$ G5 s3 O# @  i1 w9 O4 I/ d% s  C     D3 Q  g+ ^( D* i8 `. a; j
  分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know
  p" s, z/ V* i4 K1 g3 u2 B  t. P) \  ③、感官动词      hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe' W, W5 v' Z. ]* w9 O' B$ A
  see sb do sth. 强调过程      see sb doing sth 正在做某事
3 T+ Q; T9 `' P( p  y! p  B. 动词不定式的固定用法7 U( o0 k% \8 w+ {. |
  (1)表示第一人    the first woman to do sth.5 d3 l! T& \4 E6 w) H) r  |( m
  (2)表示迫使的动词
5 x4 b0 j! A! P  一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do6 D  l& |# I0 S4 ~) p! `6 e& i
  例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
5 L# G: R. W' D: S; v0 _; d. L- e8 V  A                 B9 a% L' \( n- M1 U. U
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.0 F# U' g8 X9 G9 ]( _
  C           D
/ U$ B% o7 m6 \, T3 n  分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。
( G4 ]! ~, p5 W/ V  (3)表示倾向…的形容词
1 B  a2 _9 h1 W9 x  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事* U3 p' a) Z  q7 C. U% g2 p# e
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事
9 L2 e' m' M& x7 q  be lieable to do 易于…的: R, N  N/ ]4 j  Y
  be apt to do
6 k, ?& v) F  i# E6 L: P  (4)表示目的的名词,
8 W) h' A& l) z  s5 }0 O  一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。
( _. w$ {* ]" Z& M( l4 T  固定的句式:$ y; W  {! J( U8 _
  the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.
5 a: u( z) U% G* h  the objective 目标   aim
5 \, R9 R* k# ]  goal4 h8 ?3 J. n* T
  reason理由% Y* p1 ?6 c. k8 Q  l& m
  function功能8 e( j' a4 q" w) t  |, ~
  intension意图
3 O: w6 g3 U3 H( b+ q  例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing
8 p8 E- K+ g* B% Y, W' i  A
; |( i. K, ]8 U* e8 [, S/ w  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
) z- R) y# M5 ~& {* o/ b  B          C     D0 q. o+ e. ~5 n  p0 L' ]0 W" ~1 a
  分析:the function to provide, A错$ F7 J8 C! ^" c: _3 Y
  例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure% I- e  t/ y+ P. c! D6 [2 E
  A/ N* B9 X+ ^  y. O/ W9 M
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds* ?. I% `% Z' e2 J( g
  B
( M5 o" b- e& d  that make up various components of a living cell.
# n3 P6 L; r6 g% k! e% j+ M- Y  C    D5 J, _% p' }# J: c+ d
  分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
5 d; }! {. \9 J" V3 n( d( e% X  (5) 其他同根名词* V8 R, D# T4 c: ^0 O  k7 j1 V
  ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
2 j6 g' ~. G! g. i  attempt to do 企图   decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响: N. L3 n# j4 i$ j: K( \: \
  ambition,( ]! ^4 d4 X/ y. S
  be ambitious to do
  W0 T" M8 T% E/ Z- O/ u  effort   例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation4 e" n% |, o* ^4 l2 z- S. @
  A                    B
1 u- H9 I) M& c  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:44 | 显示全部楼层

2012年托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

  C       D* l9 P( [: S- ~4 m. v
  分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。8 Y8 J+ K$ B% s4 _& }. @* T8 [
  例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great
1 [0 S( \4 {) U  A                   B  C  J0 @& A( J
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
8 h: U( W5 l) E+ f$ c7 N  C            D1 b8 J1 E7 {1 t; |$ f# T& @. l
  分析:efforts to register, C错   C. 动词不定式的其他用法   (1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
- Y( y# I" u  w  She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
( e1 X( M/ W2 b( g. G  (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时* S( k# C- r) N$ q( t1 ~6 E3 z# Y  t
  I am glad to see you.
' t4 |' s* O0 B) t3 }  I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.- z* K: b' s6 i% ]! f- Z. D
  yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.- |  o; P: J, r4 x9 S
  (3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动
0 s7 R. `0 @; X  g  It is difficult to decide.
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