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[综合辅导] 2012年托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  四、非谓语动词. f3 S" R7 C8 o, u2 s( j  T3 Q
  (一) 分词   现在分词和过去分词的区别    ①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动/ H/ x% G2 w. ~, ]4 @
  例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then& ~+ {% a, Y, x$ l: |
  A, k9 h4 t) |7 ?) ^
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
5 r  n+ b, z- C  B      C            D
& g& Y; X* A- l6 m4 }$ v  分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning
3 \9 U, v( `% g4 ~  ②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
0 P) C& P6 q' J0 U5 }8 Y  例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
8 B8 _( `8 }7 W1 m* t  Q  A               B
" E" w+ `* w1 o) v) T* G0 Y* W  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
, }- V7 f% r9 \  ^* r  C         D! C, f" C/ S. w6 O. p5 B4 z. i: a
  分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living
$ `( C5 o- _5 d. o" [0 `  a  r  一些动词后面必须用doing
/ u9 e& {, t# _% C! h( Y  对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。
8 W/ |- D, g/ ]! C: d$ L) C  mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,    advocate, suggest   delay, quit! t2 o, r$ |  [2 b
  forgive(原谅),tolerate,
2 i0 H+ n( @4 l  avoid, escape(逃避)   spend+名词+doing;
( s# T/ M# J/ \, d0 W( ^5 l  have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing# E1 r4 @- w$ {1 S2 W+ W( s. y% S
  例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their% F/ ?* j4 x8 S, c0 T
  A     B    C              D
# U: m3 Q$ j7 E2 D  crops.
! f4 b4 F  K' K6 W; Q, t+ P  分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。# z2 r" T# `" w5 Z
  例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
& w& q: H; \! j; J- ^$ Q  A        B% y8 H* ~: d- H6 o/ W
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.) N0 B% E8 g5 I# O: k
  C          D
$ F1 L" Y- }: ~% S2 Z9 M  分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing0 ~7 F+ s) R% A( Z/ S, d5 X
  (二) 不定式
7 [  K. w5 w5 ?. j4 K3 j  A. 动词不定式的省略   ①、help后面可以省略to     help to do
: Z5 k6 U  f& J1 T  help sb. to do
# s3 [  G4 t% z% X& R: x  例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid. u1 e% `+ ], D1 h7 `
  A      B. L2 m' H$ H3 k! U) E+ M
  the habits that might shorten the lives.
' p! U  m/ k/ _& v$ {$ e" u- ^, L  C     D
3 W  O" A- \: Y  分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。  X# `" Q$ m5 S+ {, q+ H
  ②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个& ~9 Y% g7 i, @% ]: V! V2 k
  make,      let," L- Q  B6 a2 x5 w1 m
  have sb. do sth     注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.
- F8 |5 D) t4 `) W  例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
& x$ E% B2 d6 |7 v4 n4 J, G7 T- U  A               B
! Y* u* x+ v' Z1 G, Y6 i% K  s  to know when to play various parts of a composition." F! u2 X7 c  g: f
  C     D
( F; t9 P% N) P$ ?  分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know+ p/ S8 m$ `$ _. k: i
  ③、感官动词      hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe$ D1 J1 G0 v0 X  ~
  see sb do sth. 强调过程      see sb doing sth 正在做某事
  f! ], |6 M6 `' n) X$ _  i2 }  B. 动词不定式的固定用法
( \) |* O9 d+ q- _0 G  v  (1)表示第一人    the first woman to do sth.
' c9 j4 K) A5 D' _  (2)表示迫使的动词
' |& d& m  Q" i8 ]! p& \  一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
* a$ u4 }+ j8 {& D; r, v  例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
% i$ X! n, v; @  A                 B
/ p3 r3 Y- k7 {; @4 s6 M* f0 |  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.
! ^- q- t6 }* N* k  C           D
0 ?' c) f( H. L- G  分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。
! s# f0 `# _5 H1 u- b4 t0 }" U  (3)表示倾向…的形容词
# e# k6 B: U% u7 z) |( m: b9 ]  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事5 K3 a: H$ p( L2 D9 l/ k, Y% R
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事4 e. _9 {9 G/ K* E* Z2 e
  be lieable to do 易于…的5 \9 v- D' M, j/ l
  be apt to do8 O; R, T2 X) n: u' ]; v
  (4)表示目的的名词,
3 e) G9 N( C5 E$ Q  一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。$ {3 t$ J3 k$ q
  固定的句式:
% \' F& n+ Y$ b+ H1 {& C3 ~  the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.7 W  ^$ t* b$ z6 _
  the objective 目标   aim; S/ e: k; d# C% j9 l- K6 G. Y
  goal
5 w7 S$ O. c! @0 v) D% W  reason理由
9 s& J. h( X1 o) k  function功能
; V9 i; }! W3 Z* r  intension意图8 [: O2 X  y1 {
  例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing/ f  R* U' |0 ?/ p
  A( i3 I4 v* l0 Z8 j. K% ]4 P6 f
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
. y5 y; W7 p' W+ L4 Q) v& D  B          C     D2 y/ {. ~7 t! f: v2 b1 G
  分析:the function to provide, A错, a6 C; o* R0 |8 L" h8 o
  例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure2 f+ ]2 Q6 d- K& J9 }" C& n
  A
, v7 B4 a, i* q; k) ^! i  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds8 _2 R& w7 e& E1 G; w
  B8 j" l5 k. p: Z& Z, b/ D% R: w
  that make up various components of a living cell.
% w. y' c4 D1 C2 H7 i  C    D
! I% y8 N$ j, K6 I* E. Y  分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
" |5 A6 Z# E: [5 x" C% c! P  g  (5) 其他同根名词  T! C2 O: X4 R' w" Z
  ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
* u; G# |: ?9 G1 f  attempt to do 企图   decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
1 h  c1 ~& G8 h6 r* s# K  ambition,
) W2 m' b7 ^4 O; _. f# m: s" _  be ambitious to do
6 B! O* }* ?" M) S% i9 Y& c& B2 S  effort   例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation5 _' ^" ?8 G9 ^! _5 L! |  u
  A                    B
- j1 }9 M, T: G  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:15:44 | 显示全部楼层

2012年托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

  C       D1 I/ Y9 {0 }" @/ ]
  分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。; k: M5 H8 y9 H* o
  例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great
2 a# A5 X& n0 [, r5 ~" v1 ~  A                   B
& l$ P: d  Y' y6 _  g1 f  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
% g$ z' _( x- ^* |2 Y2 ^  C            D, M" X4 I$ O. D6 J  }0 m$ J
  分析:efforts to register, C错   C. 动词不定式的其他用法   (1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
9 \! H. m, H; x9 A" Y2 D  She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
. ]- {0 J5 E* N% m; F  (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时
# x6 X/ i( n% V7 B) l7 q  I am glad to see you.; S# d: B6 N- f5 S
  I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
6 c* C# `/ X( K! @  yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.6 @, K/ o' s* i. Q5 j
  (3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动
( B! ^2 g- `  |% Y- k8 o+ s  It is difficult to decide.
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