口诀二 去掉独立成分,答案自然现身# \0 V+ ^% U, I& g7 ^
这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分——不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子 成分去掉——如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑——只考虑剩下,不"独立"的成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次—— 即不弄懂句义的情况下——即可选出正确答案.
9 J$ S. ^ ^2 M 那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种:7 g7 u$ ]8 c" _: a& s. w& u6 {9 }
1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;& Z) P. i9 O# s* J" C- I
2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;
- O& V" ^6 [2 {# K 3.所有的从句.- {' @% x; Y" [& v' L4 c8 Y, _+ O
这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:
8 U( o; O U% o# ]& s (7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
3 L& O; {; }; Q' [5 r4 i A. occupied B. occupying
7 {- ]9 ~7 T2 x5 N9 z3 ]! }) o6 c) o C. which D. were occupied* x: h9 m- ~/ t7 a# K! p
如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:" R9 W0 ^, l4 ?$ ^ ~$ h
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)——(by early humans.介词短语) 将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不 行,答案自然是A了.
- H# O/ G, }4 A" r% X (8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
: Q2 ]" b% R5 l9 W3 O A. only a few B. a few but
7 v1 r4 d- ~9 q' R! S4 r% ~ C. few, but only D. a few only# t1 m; a" \- ^+ @
还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:1 x: f! M9 H3 r4 H2 o
(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),——(of the native societies of America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts 介词短语).把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了. |
发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18
