口诀二 去掉独立成分,答案自然现身
( C `* l9 g8 b) g0 t1 m 这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分——不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子 成分去掉——如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑——只考虑剩下,不"独立"的成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次—— 即不弄懂句义的情况下——即可选出正确答案.
% m* C7 B0 T) f9 D% z+ j: U 那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种:$ c& J) v7 e4 |$ q! `8 y
1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;
2 V% ]4 J2 I$ g8 E6 k 2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;- y4 O* l8 P; B; a8 n( g, a0 l
3.所有的从句.
: Z8 h: X9 V2 X: t4 [* a% i( |6 } 这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:
) A/ h: C& X, U9 u8 }) [ (7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
( e3 I3 R% \/ g/ V* x% Y A. occupied B. occupying6 h: W" z3 X: C+ l, T
C. which D. were occupied
2 H* S( @, s- a( t9 I( Z1 K T 如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:. e+ R) b8 m1 m3 a# Z8 V5 n+ [% \" _
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)——(by early humans.介词短语) 将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不 行,答案自然是A了.: o" k) b/ S" }
(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.) Y# N3 P9 K! I6 `
A. only a few B. a few but, P. f7 T* u: v
C. few, but only D. a few only) u/ n/ G m0 ] K% t
还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:: ?7 W% y$ L$ n6 K
(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),——(of the native societies of America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts 介词短语).把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了. |
发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18
