托福词汇语法总结

会计考友

　　1. 所有关系代词that，who ，whom， which， whose 引出的定语从句
# |; r+ J; m& J( K　　* 关系代词修饰先行词，语法上要充当从句得主语，宾语，定语等。
- ]) k. N& K4 \. e3 K% Y( u( G　　* 非正式文体中，作宾语得关系代词常省略；作主语得在句型为：it be……， that be …… ， there be……时才省略。
　　* 从句的谓语要与修饰语保持一致。
# o2 L7 l4 L4 [0 e* J3 V　　This is the book whiich/that has just appeared.
　　The girl （whom/that） you saw yesterday is my girlfriend.
8 D0 c3 ?1 ~! C, U; ?* R/ N- E　　Then he met Mary， who nivited him to a party.
1 k+ }1 S9 [( H　　Here is Alice， （whom） I mentioned the other day.
　　* 若先行词是everything， something， anything， none， one， some， little， much， the only， the very， 最高级等，有人和物组成时，用that或省略；人时用who or whose.
　　Is that everything that you want to tell us？
* r; X: L) x* d& n0 G! j& \# j　　This is the only property that i have.
& c% z+ P# Q$ Q2 W7 M　　He is the greatest man that has ever lived in that country——这个that作主语在这里不能省略，请注意！
  Y7 M- ?+ c: W5 t: X6 R　　There are only three boys and two cars that i can see.
　　2. 关系代词as ， but 引出的定语从句
　　* as 可用在the same……as， such……as， as……as……等结构中，作主语，宾语，表语，状语等成分。
　　* but 此时= that/who/which ……not. 与带有否定词的主句连用，在从句中一般作主语。
　　In the nuclear power station we use the same generator as is used in the thermal power station.
' s5 c' Z% I1 U* k2 Q　　Ice consists of the same nolecules as water （consist of）
　　I have never seen such kind of people as they are.
　　There is no rule but has （which/that does not have） exception.
% N7 t9 X$ K* b* }  `: d) h　　3. 由 “介词＋whom/which" 引出得定语从句
0 x6 N2 d9 C5 }# x9 I　　* 非限制性定语从句中，all， nost， some， any， few， both， one 等可与"of + whom/which" 连用，表示部分与整体得关系。
　　* 有时候也可以用“名词/代词＋of + which" 来引导定语从句。
/ f, O: l( o: l: G$ X# T5 W6 _( b　　The colleague with whom I am working can speak French.
　　The colleagur （whom/that） I am working with can speak French.
　　The car， for which she paid $1，000 for.
' u9 G0 l, s, I2 w* r# k6 i3 y3 R　　The car， （which/that） she paid $1，000 for.
　　Moleculcs make up matter， the state of which/whose state can be changed.
8 r4 ?; T( r2 S　　*修饰way， direction， distance等名词时，还可以用"that" 来引导，或是省略
　　That is the way （in which/that） he worked.
) ^8 S* z9 T% ?5 K! v: N+ _% b+ S　　The distance （through which/that） light reavels in a second is about 300，000 kilometers.
1 t& u1 K8 A' W; l6 {　　4.关系副词when， where， why 引出得定语从句
1 h$ @9 M- @! j: a' N　　* when， where 句中作状语，＝“介词＋which"
　　* 修饰reason可用why or for which or that
' h0 k4 [; D+ q6 Z. [0 l　　* 在非正式文体中，when and why 常省略，where 被介词后置的形式代替。
　　I do not remember the day （when/on which） he left.
　　The year （when/in which） I entered the university was 1908.
　　With TV， we can see things happen almost at the exact moment （when/that/at which） they are happpening.
　　That is the rason （why/that/for which） she spoke.
" H$ v' K* p. ~- l3 F+ _$ H　　5. as， which 引导的特种定语从句
/ z; x) f8 g, B8 |5 P- F. V5 C　　* 在引导非限制性定语从句时，as，which 代表前面整个句子。
　　* as 可作主语，宾语，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，位置不定。
　　* which 作主语， 同上，引导的从句不可前置。
　　As was usual at the weekend， the club was almost empty.
　　As you can see， we have got a problem with the engine.
　　Metals have many good propertics， as has been stated before.
+ A0 I% [2 Q0 i/ l9 {+ @　　He missed the train， which annoyed him very much.