托福词汇语法总结

会计考友

　　1. 所有关系代词that，who ，whom， which， whose 引出的定语从句
　　* 关系代词修饰先行词，语法上要充当从句得主语，宾语，定语等。
: ]* h# ?5 N9 X6 x9 g: L0 q　　* 非正式文体中，作宾语得关系代词常省略；作主语得在句型为：it be……， that be …… ， there be……时才省略。
/ O* W  j. n# c( t( n　　* 从句的谓语要与修饰语保持一致。
　　This is the book whiich/that has just appeared.
　　The girl （whom/that） you saw yesterday is my girlfriend.
- A, U& [( w* u" i8 w　　Then he met Mary， who nivited him to a party.
　　Here is Alice， （whom） I mentioned the other day.
　　* 若先行词是everything， something， anything， none， one， some， little， much， the only， the very， 最高级等，有人和物组成时，用that或省略；人时用who or whose.
　　Is that everything that you want to tell us？
　　This is the only property that i have.
　　He is the greatest man that has ever lived in that country——这个that作主语在这里不能省略，请注意！
: F- G5 n0 n+ a6 o5 S! \. ^4 Q, y' n　　There are only three boys and two cars that i can see.
3 r( |7 m# h1 b0 O" c1 u) `* L9 o　　2. 关系代词as ， but 引出的定语从句
) p9 |( u# j1 ?& j. I　　* as 可用在the same……as， such……as， as……as……等结构中，作主语，宾语，表语，状语等成分。
　　* but 此时= that/who/which ……not. 与带有否定词的主句连用，在从句中一般作主语。
　　In the nuclear power station we use the same generator as is used in the thermal power station.
1 f/ O$ ]& C# ~4 Z　　Ice consists of the same nolecules as water （consist of）
3 X* Z  v; i: ^2 I( N9 o　　I have never seen such kind of people as they are.
　　There is no rule but has （which/that does not have） exception.
% A; h* U8 H! H# m9 g) t& T& A　　3. 由 “介词＋whom/which" 引出得定语从句
　　* 非限制性定语从句中，all， nost， some， any， few， both， one 等可与"of + whom/which" 连用，表示部分与整体得关系。
# D  Q! [$ v- O( e　　* 有时候也可以用“名词/代词＋of + which" 来引导定语从句。
' c0 e2 m  n0 _- A　　The colleague with whom I am working can speak French.
　　The colleagur （whom/that） I am working with can speak French.
# x: p4 `$ `6 t& d9 Z( L# d3 X& \: h　　The car， for which she paid $1，000 for.
6 E) \, `5 Z* i3 p　　The car， （which/that） she paid $1，000 for.
) H8 a( s9 C1 Q3 g# B( _  x' l( K　　Moleculcs make up matter， the state of which/whose state can be changed.
" E2 m5 F% K; ^, G- K　　*修饰way， direction， distance等名词时，还可以用"that" 来引导，或是省略
　　That is the way （in which/that） he worked.
　　The distance （through which/that） light reavels in a second is about 300，000 kilometers.
$ _/ r4 d  d9 `' {5 ~　　4.关系副词when， where， why 引出得定语从句
　　* when， where 句中作状语，＝“介词＋which"
　　* 修饰reason可用why or for which or that
　　* 在非正式文体中，when and why 常省略，where 被介词后置的形式代替。
　　I do not remember the day （when/on which） he left.
6 v0 G, y& ^/ M- @/ f, N( l　　The year （when/in which） I entered the university was 1908.
　　With TV， we can see things happen almost at the exact moment （when/that/at which） they are happpening.
+ A; |' m0 ^. J# s6 e6 G　　That is the rason （why/that/for which） she spoke.
  L* y) M/ r/ R( Z, j( K　　5. as， which 引导的特种定语从句
$ o$ Y- ?5 n/ a6 c- n' s　　* 在引导非限制性定语从句时，as，which 代表前面整个句子。
　　* as 可作主语，宾语，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，位置不定。
　　* which 作主语， 同上，引导的从句不可前置。
　　As was usual at the weekend， the club was almost empty.
  N+ K& q4 N, P3 o　　As you can see， we have got a problem with the engine.
　　Metals have many good propertics， as has been stated before.
　　He missed the train， which annoyed him very much.