当我们在学习基本语法和句法的同时,也开始学词汇,终身不停。
% T' a% R! A8 T. _/ E, K- r 学词汇的方法很多,学习效果也不同;有些方法的效果比较好,有些则差些。2 r/ b: \1 p; ]) r9 Z7 R1 G
有个特别值得推荐的方法是“联想”。例如从“party”这个字,可以联想到其他的字,如:meeting, assembly, seminar, negotiation 等。
7 F$ J2 s g0 |9 a2 B9 i0 p 现在看看下列 8 组字,如何凑在一起:
4 ~- ]/ `1 A- |$ @ ⒈下列 6 个动词的共同意思是“伤害”或“破坏”:damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, mar
' |# v2 a7 c, f' P4 B8 F ⒉下列 6 个动词的共同意思是“减少”:decrease, lessen, diminish, reduce, abate, dwindle
Z: ]; L) _7 a2 e2 s- C ⒊下列 6 个名词的中心意思是“武装叛变”:rebellion, revolution, uprising, revolt, mutiny, insurrection/ Z4 }. R( B( P: i
⒋下列 7 个名词都含有“边缘”之意: edge, brink, brim, rim, verge, border, margin
* ~: n/ F: }8 W- ` ⒌下列 7 个名词都含有“ 路”之意: way, road , path , route, passage, street, aveune
7 g& Y o) x M6 S. a6 q ⒍下列 7 个形容词都含有“着名”之意: famous, renowned, celebrated, noted, distinguished, eminent, illustrious
t2 `4 @2 f5 q' T ⒎下列 7 个形容词都含有“快速”之意:fast, rapid, swift, quick, speedy, hasty, expeditious
H# z( Y8 }' _( c% H ⒏下列 9 个动词含“胜过”或“克服”之意:conquer, defeat, vanquish, overcome, beat, rout, surmount, subdue, overthrow
: ~2 h6 y" ]5 q5 l s: @ 上述 8 组字,每组都有个中心意思。在学习词汇时,若能将意思有关联的字词或习语摆在一起,通过联想来记忆,不但轻松而且还很有效。必须注意的是,虽然几个字有共同的意思,但是每个字在句子中的用法,难免会有些差别,不可不察。
' h3 n% F1 j; d+ J3 n 现在举个和“laugh”(笑)有关的动词,来说明这点。
* u) }$ l$ A% H. p* J* v- {, c( s8 F) D- X ① The President smiled(微笑) as he went past the crowd.
1 r/ F* O3 E* C ② His joke made us laugh(发笑)。
3 L! i0 N, a# o ` O ③ The spectators jeered(嘲笑) when their team was defeated.
3 O0 u3 a: v; n- @2 L2 X; U. T ④ The audience roared with rage(暴笑如雷)。
7 V. @1 q; A6 r" t0 b! i ⑤ If you tease(揶揄) her again, she will get angry.4 W" C6 M/ g' ~$ r7 V
⑥ The pupils giggled(格格地笑) on seeing the teacher fall down.1 T2 u5 J3 @7 j* [9 k
⑦ The crowd booed(喝倒采) when the referee made a mistake.
' c' a' x5 @: D0 W( { ⑧ The listeners hooted(轻蔑地叫喊) at the ignorant speaker.- d6 I6 m9 d! g% T* ^0 _
⑨ Irene sat at a corner, chuckling(轻声暗笑) to herself.
/ `: `: t, i3 K) A0 `" | ⑩The naughty girl grinned(露齿而笑) in response to her mother's question.(陈清霖) |