九、词性的混用
L: X5 O* u8 `* s9 p 词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。
# }% `8 @( }# c, G (一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用# F4 M# n; {( v
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词;. D, I% [3 j8 L* Y
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high
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/ V, H& e3 c! X( M* T& R# o+ I mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and4 X: q) s; c* D! H' c
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when they are in captivity they breed poorly.
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分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的)
+ F$ V; u5 u: f/ [ (二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用# H! p/ J R/ l& K d5 @) V
后面加宾语当然要用动名词
& D0 o+ R% h, P! u8 z8 \ 例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds7 }/ ]# V9 U' s% c0 B
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( w/ _' c6 s% R( Z and keeping the soil in the best condition to
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$ D+ o! h# Y- L* h; ~ O+ A help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.4 W, F& _% b; U* r
D
; f. S0 R+ I4 |2 J) U* S9 B( s* \ 分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。
, n2 i8 Z8 r1 B8 {1 a% n 例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's,
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was concerned with the depicting the experience of
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urban Black people in the United States./ q2 b, ~4 w; A0 g) A5 a" d
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分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。; g6 ~# ]. ]* \
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用0 Q( S! p$ g8 P, Q, O
表示时间有两种可能,' y- G& ]: {- ]3 K1 Y
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子
9 T7 c$ ]' ?: }, D; v) I; H! H 另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词,
' G$ D8 @0 }3 ~( _4 v 考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况
1 a: d9 A3 J3 }- t" j 例:Balloon observations for military intelligence9 s' M3 p% ?; d; I
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were made while the American Civil War.
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, A+ \. D/ L* Q9 W3 F$ m- `" H9 b 分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。8 E i6 q3 o) N, y
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the
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history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.
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* k/ i6 E7 p W; A, p* O 分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。
' s( f0 c0 C' ~) j( F1 F4 M (四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用
: y7 ^* U1 z! L9 m! L3 G& p 连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。
' f2 {, q) R$ ?5 b+ r6 C2 _ 例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social9 A+ L0 {. _# Z% j& ]: ~
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work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.0 o6 A0 I' p4 I% V0 p! V4 m# _ V
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1 R7 \) e: e- t9 T 分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。
* M. P! C5 ]* z) w 例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples
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easily under the stress of compression.
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分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的
( N* }7 g) Q4 _6 l* d1 H (五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用! H/ r( G7 H6 ~) ?4 G% Y. R* X9 _
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine5 l1 C" l e3 J, w+ Q
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article that gives personal comments on current events.' o+ h' A, f+ @" D5 T) O
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4 G$ g0 x3 t! @; z 分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。
8 |1 S/ ^- _- j7 E 例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars,- f h8 ?& e3 E2 d( X: \; P1 ]
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分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。% n( B" o& u/ ~6 C
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词6 V7 q2 H6 P/ A( ^9 o5 ]
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200;/ S% r2 [) j# g0 _, @4 z6 t
two hundred diligent students |