九、词性的混用0 j: V9 R) j+ L. m
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。3 k% w6 i8 C4 {! \4 n. @9 k
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用* l0 |4 m3 h" B' g* E6 {$ f1 ?
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词;
& p. i0 ^# P! N! g [ 例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high# p0 Z3 P* i/ J9 ~* o/ A& I
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mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and
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. V/ q2 j9 n/ x0 `8 a when they are in captivity they breed poorly.
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( ]' j! E) N; F0 V& r U) @5 t 分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的)
. d" \4 \9 @2 W. w/ ~9 C% b$ h) m (二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用
8 ?3 k7 C7 `0 U* W& U( e8 E 后面加宾语当然要用动名词
6 Q. h+ H- i" p8 C2 U8 a 例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds" \- z" ]' k9 a% r
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and keeping the soil in the best condition to
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help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.
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u( g- G0 \. o 分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。
l; O! q$ V% N& U, D! q 例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's,1 r1 C+ _' U7 A& e" O. \
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was concerned with the depicting the experience of7 l/ A8 n3 g; b/ H% F- n1 T) D
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urban Black people in the United States.; ~9 r8 S7 o) {* V
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分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。
7 s3 w7 M, F: d" @2 y8 O. x (三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用1 @* b) E- t! G9 E7 y
表示时间有两种可能,
/ E7 ]* q" H+ |$ D 一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子
. y/ Z1 @* }. m" i( F0 B# f4 W 另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词,. F2 p6 D) g& H6 T4 B% v
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况
; v, J2 z( ~" N% T( z 例:Balloon observations for military intelligence
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$ e3 y- f1 x7 o7 m+ j7 G were made while the American Civil War.
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分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。. W1 ^& H7 S4 n* v( B
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the
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|$ [! ]4 |% C# b. y' K history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.
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分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。6 @4 ?" n3 S" k7 h
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用
* {7 n+ }: D% Y 连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。4 m9 j( K0 r, f$ q7 T6 |
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social
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" C: U8 E2 Y7 _8 Q! l# r3 o! ` work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.
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+ m+ m, S8 E9 ]! a% @+ V( U 分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。+ K5 o4 A# S9 Q! o \* i2 b
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples) M4 A6 U! p3 H' H! G
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easily under the stress of compression./ x4 a1 w! z+ b8 H- e$ [3 M
D
" N, ~/ ~4 r, O% v- f m7 ] 分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的
7 ]+ Y: i! q) y: N5 I (五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用
8 k3 R7 N" z0 W7 g( U _ 例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine1 s8 P7 l3 f2 _/ A1 z$ ]
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3 a9 L% r: @7 f3 \3 l) q/ f article that gives personal comments on current events.! q, k6 R: d3 w/ \
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, S" B8 V1 B, Z8 ^8 R n) Q$ G 分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。
0 X" Q: o: H+ A d9 f4 h# c5 B Q 例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars,
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5 d3 A+ S/ }0 ]1 v* v9 r which produce sound from the vibration of the strings.8 R+ X4 R. `& I. w7 p
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0 ]8 Y& z% Z. q# @3 |! h6 d: x 分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。
. a% n3 `) B1 F: F2 D( h R (六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词' @" g3 T |4 {& D3 F7 n% b7 n" g
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200;
6 |' w" W( o2 a, Z" d1 N two hundred diligent students |