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[词汇辅导] 托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  四、非谓语动词& n3 k# [! o) z0 W; R) ?8 w7 w
  (一) 分词  现在分词和过去分词的区别   ①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动/ a. g$ x+ s+ W" g% V# \
  例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
6 g7 b9 Z2 W! S, J2 X  A
% b, F1 S; H3 F' X" ?/ e  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
, @# d. M! ^3 _5 J3 ^  B      C            D) N8 j$ t: J1 B. }$ R! G$ U, \
  分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning8 e# Z7 V3 [, k8 G9 C7 c) I7 @* `
  ②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动! P6 x# W5 T0 w) [# E
  例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in* u" f( o6 }: t* A7 i4 h% n
  A               B
( H8 ^' x9 X, d. B2 c8 m) L& Q  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.6 {0 K- g6 X4 L! f1 i1 W. i: k
  C         D+ _1 q# P, a4 G0 u
  分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living+ |/ u+ t# @! P
  一些动词后面必须用doing
" X% ]/ r/ Y$ `  对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。1 l% K$ F8 u& O6 X. q" ]
  mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,   advocate, suggest  delay, quit' G6 t( d* O& d, v4 ^/ S
  forgive(原谅),tolerate,9 C9 ^+ B" F8 ?" `0 a+ U0 w) r
  avoid, escape(逃避)  spend+名词+doing;0 g* b! V- l7 G. O3 A
  have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing6 P* M7 S0 C! |+ B: O$ w
  例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their. u9 C" f' W% K9 z5 j3 I
  A     B    C              D
* {  S. D4 H7 V- S8 k  crops.
! ?) F/ m# o0 G) i  分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。# @2 y7 U$ N3 o3 ?1 i9 a! G
  例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
  D3 J  V5 O9 M+ X: @2 h  A        B
5 v5 E  s& G$ O1 O( t  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War." G7 R* _! q2 E  s
  C          D
4 G2 z: V7 M% `3 y3 t( Q7 A  分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing2 Y3 I6 x6 T' R5 X
  (二) 不定式
& j. i5 s. Y7 |% R, [7 b  A. 动词不定式的省略  ①、help后面可以省略to    help to do
" G! t! O) Z% {2 u# B  help sb. to do
2 M& R$ z: p7 Y/ r2 @5 w8 d# _' l  例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid% S) O2 [5 }/ `9 @& R5 A# ?$ q
  A      B7 r, S0 K9 S  x9 Z3 H' u: C+ e: D+ Q
  the habits that might shorten the lives.* x2 L0 l% q5 v! d# _7 z
  C     D
3 Z1 V( X. `  s! W/ M6 w  分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。
0 q2 q- G. W1 k/ K" S  ②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个
4 G$ C2 t' Y) M0 H  @  make,     let,
2 _7 h3 y3 D' x7 W  E  have sb. do sth    注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.: n9 y" G7 \3 ?2 ~) }& W
  例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
' V: A5 p1 E% V  A               B" ?4 i% ^! b1 r
  to know when to play various parts of a composition.+ f! U; f% D9 i) q6 V0 y, S
  C     D
8 Z' u" |! G% o! K; x" t6 t  分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know7 _/ }) {& T, Q, Q0 r* N" X. G
  ③、感官动词     hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe+ G3 D" w+ A7 O& i
  see sb do sth. 强调过程     see sb doing sth 正在做某事
2 }: a3 J. ~! b  B. 动词不定式的固定用法! w' }, C$ l$ E0 g4 Y
  (1)表示第一人   the first woman to do sth.  `$ K" O+ A. o3 y3 Y/ r4 C
  (2)表示迫使的动词
+ p$ h( X1 b7 M& a, L# |  一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
/ N. _1 ?, H5 k( f  例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
4 p9 `% S7 Y/ @, \8 J  A                 B
6 {( c0 ~' U6 M! y0 d+ c  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.
4 i9 k6 Y& c) |  C           D
# I& |1 G* O- h$ K  分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。. k  z; _5 n" x% i8 i2 l7 i
  (3)表示倾向…的形容词; @1 Z; e) r3 a1 m5 i6 K1 b
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事
0 k. t9 g$ f& t4 ?. ~- j" z; L  be inclined to do倾向于做某事" f0 t; N  q' U5 ?
  be lieable to do 易于…的
6 t' X. M& O1 F( A8 t$ H  be apt to do
9 O" z) L3 z0 r  G  _1 [6 O  (4)表示目的的名词,( n- ^, l4 G4 S0 S
  一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。; R! ?( l6 H0 I1 i2 G: c- _; |
  固定的句式:
) c  h% e, U$ L3 @# ]! `  the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.+ e! C2 J% ^* f" t! i" O' w
  the objective 目标  aim
3 ~. X% l4 Q1 n3 M0 Y  goal9 n- }- n) e1 O% ?& ^2 \
  reason理由
3 k5 z, U( i) }; L/ a  function功能* B& ~7 V" m% P4 A
  intension意图  K2 s& R7 Q- E3 a  ]. W; T
  例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing+ @% ?! c, C; Z- {
  A2 v( o  W3 X0 g5 [8 o
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.1 [; n+ k( k0 U) A' Y( n
  B          C     D
- }5 M6 O! y  w% R) E  分析:the function to provide, A错
1 @9 o# J- G; N4 r  例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
" U; ~  E% b( W7 `2 s  A( s: N5 O' d+ B$ a& a# V, ]
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds, f- ^4 |4 u2 C  @& V; H
  B
0 B3 M% T; Y4 L6 b  that make up various components of a living cell.
. ?9 {6 u9 I3 b% {+ L  C    D4 H% o# ~2 X/ d$ Y- W) g
  分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
! m; L8 y/ R+ F2 ?  (5) 其他同根名词% m3 q- D3 `* E
  ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
3 x: q) a2 I9 m5 e! }: z  attempt to do 企图  decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
0 S$ l  |) ?& b, _% i* K% n  ambition,
8 _: _* t; L+ @0 k( l* f  be ambitious to do
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

  effort  例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation! \9 e& p* t, {
  A                    B
* B9 X5 G5 C* b1 R  H* S# p. ^  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.$ t2 O, a& [3 \9 _7 q& N
  C       D6 j6 Y, n9 e4 g2 @5 W0 d9 b9 L9 Y
  分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。
6 B/ Y' e( \! f  _! n2 q. m  例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great5 Y0 q( K# n6 O9 c
  A                   B8 q' _/ ~8 E3 P- i
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
# x  u9 A7 X8 b1 G  C            D' E* @, S0 k& q& u
  分析:efforts to register, C错  C. 动词不定式的其他用法  (1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
9 b" n# F) ^/ s8 ]& p  She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
5 Z$ r( W  v5 e! s  (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时4 m# u( B* I& \; t! D* O
  I am glad to see you.  l- }2 w# A) _" x* [
  I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.) u3 s% r3 i1 W2 [( X% _
  yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.
6 u7 p8 B5 f# p6 ]0 m  (3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动9 ^( ], ?0 l5 F' k9 N
  It is difficult to decide.
$ h* D) W4 S8 S& S4 m* F. I 
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