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[词汇辅导] 托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  四、非谓语动词. U. Z0 d2 A- u' M  p
  (一) 分词  现在分词和过去分词的区别   ①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
! E. F* b. T. X- o4 y$ o  例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
8 o5 T5 k# l  o" X& X  A' J- Z( }- C$ }- W$ a5 O
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
7 \4 p) G" e, f- h  B      C            D- C+ [2 I# c% t" L5 V. N
  分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning
# N7 j0 R& j/ a9 H) A0 Q) e  ②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
- f# ?, R) L! Q& ~; J7 P  a  例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in, H' O* A: I7 w
  A               B
2 s7 A1 Z% l1 L- G1 S% P/ w  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands." o% `8 [9 G# s; N* a$ [
  C         D0 V" C" a" t* Q& \/ D
  分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living2 S! |) @8 `% w: P
  一些动词后面必须用doing6 @, h, J9 B. N7 G  K4 v
  对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。  \+ i" r4 ?( Z! ]+ t+ h
  mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,   advocate, suggest  delay, quit
' `& |" E, |: N0 i& B  forgive(原谅),tolerate,: g9 q* L& T( j* t3 t7 ^
  avoid, escape(逃避)  spend+名词+doing;+ V. g* D. e. ], h$ Z( C" U! Q, s. L2 Q
  have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
( y" M  |& h' V7 D  d& [  R. x  例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their" ]2 j" Z$ W3 H6 i" m' r3 N
  A     B    C              D* O) g6 t$ w, ?- a  z9 V
  crops.8 O" c! g9 d7 ~" ?  J
  分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。8 ^& B. b: l2 W' B7 |' m
  例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,$ F+ J+ w1 v9 p4 ?' d2 G
  A        B. s+ \6 d* H  n9 h  I4 b+ L
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.
5 Q- A. @3 h9 n9 t/ w! V  C          D& E9 J( j, S% ]: F) t$ B
  分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
( Y* m1 e) ^! n4 J  (二) 不定式
, H) T! W: E- R2 L3 g$ }  A. 动词不定式的省略  ①、help后面可以省略to    help to do
/ O$ S4 `. a! ?. P  help sb. to do  N4 j6 T& l6 @2 P- D& }. w
  例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid% {! s; n; @; Y
  A      B
& f. r1 W1 [; T1 X2 L1 o  the habits that might shorten the lives.* W9 f: V& C0 Z7 @# A( z$ M
  C     D$ e( V1 W& e% Y) @5 J
  分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。) f, S! q3 d" j6 b+ |0 j1 ]! Y* l
  ②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个
2 b/ F: x% I( W: x  make,     let,
) f4 j! o- j6 L. o9 R7 C  have sb. do sth    注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.4 a+ ?6 W7 e/ O5 Q% z8 C2 q4 s& s
  例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians  M2 ^$ I  C! ^( T- ~3 f, c
  A               B% u$ O1 L/ ~- M, x9 [- w
  to know when to play various parts of a composition.
6 Q0 a2 g7 a& V, }4 J* h1 i; t1 O% f  C     D* n: J5 c/ F7 w1 K, ?( E
  分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know
, h  k. r7 p- j! i  ③、感官动词     hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe2 j1 u6 ~' T( f3 h3 x5 ~
  see sb do sth. 强调过程     see sb doing sth 正在做某事
: l* {) u' R( o. m2 F7 k; T  B. 动词不定式的固定用法8 C$ s3 a4 N+ W2 x1 Q
  (1)表示第一人   the first woman to do sth.
: K1 C! h& H( Y% ^" y) ~. u+ t  (2)表示迫使的动词9 i; B* G1 y& q3 Z
  一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do' W/ }% d: p0 B* N$ P* w
  例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis5 L, F8 c( m8 G* [: A
  A                 B  R3 B# w! s/ F; }3 q
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.1 M7 ?9 N! I' p
  C           D
' {9 A6 X* C0 \1 f3 o- ^  分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。  `, b1 f- p5 y4 Q# E  h
  (3)表示倾向…的形容词- M. ]+ q% J$ W9 B7 I
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事: V0 F9 J! C- B" O
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事; Y+ C% H1 t: z" V
  be lieable to do 易于…的
8 k# Q5 y. S& H$ i* X8 L; `  be apt to do
* n, \3 [, E6 |' a% I  (4)表示目的的名词,. T+ ^, Y9 F. m2 t8 ^7 g
  一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。0 F0 ^9 p+ a% z: P) I
  固定的句式:' W; B4 \, C" k! v! x' z
  the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.# j/ R7 v' z# E3 q
  the objective 目标  aim
& n, x0 r" i! C* ^+ \* K! v# n+ {. G  goal) }/ t' ^% }; [8 }6 b0 s. [" q5 k
  reason理由
& B& T1 i3 X1 D6 _: E/ }* s7 L  function功能0 }% J9 z& {/ V7 {& p' U% W
  intension意图  M' M/ K: X+ x; R9 @9 y) s
  例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing$ I3 v3 s$ j% z* b8 b2 g
  A1 O/ @  g- E0 z3 P( R: D
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior." a6 e1 J: r% D3 B- G
  B          C     D
! z6 j2 c! V* ^( Y+ [3 Y6 j1 P  `4 E  分析:the function to provide, A错
5 R: M; E+ j# e  例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
: a8 ]- ]4 f; w  A
; ]% n3 B: J, r  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
& t; K4 B! `" Z* k0 C8 u% N  B9 q& p# c; S$ D) D
  that make up various components of a living cell.
0 Z/ d; @! d! U4 C) s* h" M  C    D
9 \5 I9 m1 f% H! v  分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
' N/ v) r- @- X* p  (5) 其他同根名词" H' ^2 @- ?( s- o) P
  ability to do 受到be able to 的影响7 h  t% p( X8 O9 \% v$ b( C
  attempt to do 企图  decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
2 w- V9 e, N8 V! P" }; ?9 M4 a  ambition,0 K& ]% {! H7 m
  be ambitious to do
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ

  effort  例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
# |8 W6 e; H( }, Z' Q$ `  A                    B7 b) A& g. ], b, C/ Z
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.
2 r# H: N) v, W. ]  C       D9 a7 i7 d/ c6 K' f: e  R
  分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。
% m$ z( A% w  \8 N8 v/ M  例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great" t. U8 t3 ]2 n
  A                   B
; z3 R" z. [0 W) x( N/ j4 n  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
3 j' A1 f1 z! k* j; d  C            D
4 o4 y3 k% b* J4 n7 Q$ f+ ~  分析:efforts to register, C错  C. 动词不定式的其他用法  (1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
  U( T- ~# H" J# O* d6 j" a  She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
' x7 G2 u; l" R1 D  (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时% O1 j1 `5 ~' ?' g1 }4 ^
  I am glad to see you.
2 r6 O5 Z. u1 y+ y1 I  I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.3 `- Z- O' W- L7 p
  yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.+ m8 r4 L9 Z& e+ B3 ?
  (3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动
/ p; e; W$ Q: [2 K" G& Z* Q  It is difficult to decide.  M2 r- X# L, \& C3 S, F; F
 
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