三、谓语动词
- l3 [8 y/ w' F; H (一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 ①、主谓分割原则3 C0 c0 \7 T, Z5 k+ _8 W
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
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/ j2 T8 C, e% v& ]3 D+ m America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom./ h/ i& `/ \( N
B C D
5 u# d2 O5 b8 e3 M 分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。1 ?6 U; w+ v5 O& l
②、与后者一致原则
3 Z2 u5 ~9 `: j F+ N) U not…but, 强调but后面的名词, not only…but also ③、与前者一致原则 名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is,4 p2 [4 \# f2 L3 Q6 }, K
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致
8 ^ u& R0 y: ?1 g; H% a$ h 例:The athlete, together with his coach and
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; q+ T1 [. }$ g) N; G% D; V1 y6 P. \ several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
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5 G; a7 ^8 w: K4 ]: }+ C 分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is$ c5 x8 Y, v# H
④、就近原则 or, either…or, neither…nor,! x/ s# i2 v! M: k
单数名词+or+复数名词+are/ O# e: v7 s* R7 ^- e% M o
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is
) I- X, K. c& G4 j `2 z 所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数
a0 m/ I( i: L5 q" M# A5 m 如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数* E# o# {! `) u# n+ T
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are$ L& Q: ]9 v3 F, ~' M
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals./ w" M3 B5 m3 d! W" y4 }8 K+ q
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。( \6 G- u2 l# l8 a4 {
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 There are five apples that are red.
7 t2 s% r" v4 c9 k0 N9 v, V apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。
1 |# V4 Q. H+ t" L9 s* r; I% g; m8 O 例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
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) ^5 E+ x6 \- {* u5 _/ x, j carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
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" b; `# E8 b3 S" N, ^5 S 分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。
1 [" V. |2 \! D4 K( W ⑥the +形容词主谓一致 The rich are not always happier than the poor.. c* v2 C7 `8 I' s4 @3 w R3 q
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数8 p8 H% E4 a7 ] ]+ Q& r
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
7 @4 y* g! A) Y& i# B6 W6 R 改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: a. there be 句型. X* N% H5 \- Y
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式' n1 B* ?: ]# Q; S3 G
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致. z0 D5 U, w' I9 G
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is
" R0 i; d% _& U9 x" e! G 例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30: s. M. Y( o6 q6 @$ k7 w: `% U
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miles in width.
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, m" t3 k2 A7 q" F% \- a 分析:倒装句,are改为is
, [7 H5 _0 U8 i, b1 T3 d 例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
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* p6 O9 `6 J/ f6 R Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film4 k: d" a( f0 ?: A6 k
D2 C7 [. }! X/ ~2 Y4 Q1 d
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
& y& ?; _$ V2 X. `) ` Q) N 分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。
" d6 c8 j" g8 ~9 }) h0 s! v% \/ C ⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致' g8 Y8 y2 ?3 v7 S
fifty percent of + 名词
: \( w( e. g0 s, w one percent of + 名词 谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如:' A2 k' ]$ ~2 [' V0 C: f
one percent of my students + are2 j* M9 L- Z- i/ H
fifty percent of my time is spent on working./ Q" ?/ x7 Q) T1 e
这里要强调两个结构 half of =fifty percent8 P, E/ \, }1 `( ?; E
most of + 可数名词 + are& Y0 F- ]4 k$ T+ u4 e2 ]. E
most of + 不可数名词+ is$ O7 D( A8 D9 W4 z$ s
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been$ R7 C+ }; G( j" U8 k& _
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found in central and eastern Canada.+ C1 ^4 c/ ]6 C& w4 N9 X: C5 P
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。* k4 r+ J% F- T
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
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in the United States are for foods and beverages.: Z( R, v" H) k9 K5 ^8 ?
C D
y: M$ Z) \0 n8 |. Y0 ~( Z 分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。
, |, ?% n: R2 { j- ?3 G (二) 谓语动词的时态 ①、主要考察时间状语
! H; f4 d( w: k( _9 C7 K! p" e 例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.! {7 C; B2 r7 C7 [
A B C D
+ L. \$ S' o" R+ N& V' t 分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was
) O" v) x) B6 h+ \: X# T3 ? ②、For和since的区别
+ l3 Z$ Y" |; ?8 k; y1 Z+ O% o1 x. R 区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点
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区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 |