三、谓语动词0 X/ V! E. Q2 ]# F9 ^
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 ①、主谓分割原则
4 [# ^, w9 ]- P! R6 {9 ^0 n: I 例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,8 |- ~3 [4 V3 `
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
, ]; }6 _3 N: F, X* c, h B C D
. G; O7 M$ n! T3 { 分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
1 d. w; u- w& |' d/ D5 w- Q y ②、与后者一致原则
) S! L7 P/ |4 O! j+ H* f not…but, 强调but后面的名词, not only…but also ③、与前者一致原则 名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is,1 N" T2 }5 E/ j4 r$ q
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致
3 c2 ]# s) a+ z- r$ X @ 例:The athlete, together with his coach and; c* ]/ o( ~: r$ X8 j6 G( S
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is
3 A" M: D# v- ~7 I% P* y4 b ④、就近原则 or, either…or, neither…nor,
7 ]: d0 v4 N7 K1 r+ u3 n 单数名词+or+复数名词+are
9 b- r6 z" h- T0 v6 i4 X( S/ G 如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is) J. ?+ I2 b" @$ M5 ^
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数
) l: l, W* ?+ t 如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数+ U5 c# a( i" G
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are) ~9 k7 ]& J7 Q+ A# m8 J% S9 N
A B
# I3 ]9 f1 x1 k& n! M5 K: e amazingly complex for single-celled animals.# k' r! F" w! n; x6 A- \& T/ \
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。8 e9 a9 L$ z" |9 f5 s' w9 u
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 There are five apples that are red.
6 g5 t5 B( s1 M( C- T apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。! c; X9 k& j) w/ d8 d$ O& E/ {
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds.% V# x! E3 P* W+ u6 v
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。
( v* _7 I8 j' q o ⑥the +形容词主谓一致 The rich are not always happier than the poor.) n/ {% `7 e" A5 M: y9 C" Q
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数% S7 H" T3 L1 `% Y$ X
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
& }' i" ]2 B: U, Q" n* o E: u6 ^( G2 r 改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: a. there be 句型: N" s/ {# \9 a
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式7 }) s, Z6 U8 G0 E" H7 L% n& V
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致$ ]& h0 }! B7 [0 L- T( H
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.' k/ p% u( P t- E+ H i, w
A B C D
4 ^% K$ p2 h% R, A& R/ g+ _( j) I 分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is+ y$ P: c ~! V! }
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific! J: M' g) |9 ^) C0 ~& x4 E
A B
' ]7 D; {0 l% _8 d& O1 L9 i8 B Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30+ c2 R8 ^$ x( \) _- Y% |; U
C
- F' ^4 Z2 y. h, M+ t. e& h miles in width.
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* @$ l6 T ^1 F 分析:倒装句,are改为is( Y, r4 x+ j8 v- R
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
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- N) f# k6 X% v7 h: V presented on the five-story-tall screen.
* y4 ?) J( e# Z+ ^+ R* Q9 ~ 分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。& i2 k/ P6 t7 [3 J: U$ q, m! p
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致# l& d1 \& n: a( I* q
fifty percent of + 名词' P3 ?6 @6 F S0 l4 f: b2 x
one percent of + 名词 谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如:
8 H8 U3 M5 [3 S3 Z) F' n t one percent of my students + are4 z/ z! `+ _5 G! Q. ~; g
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.- @* o" e/ \8 k
这里要强调两个结构 half of =fifty percent
, R1 H* H) b) t' u most of + 可数名词 + are
1 \" [; T; B. X5 h$ N! ] most of + 不可数名词+ is
) J* D7 B9 R' o, i/ g 例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been3 t) O: O: e9 s* q% V) y
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found in central and eastern Canada.- h, [7 o% Z1 _* b% o, f
D
+ L1 d! I6 Q% h! ]2 ~) a! x 分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。4 S: e+ |( U: c- t
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
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5 ?" s6 i [: O/ [ in the United States are for foods and beverages.% L' u9 v& n7 o. w) X$ L
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。
! G4 n# f; ]% X6 y( [2 L (二) 谓语动词的时态 ①、主要考察时间状语
8 G) A! ?' e5 u4 b. M. H* R 例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
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+ `1 i4 H, g) \ G 分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was; R1 }- v( z; z" W1 k# _( y% H x
②、For和since的区别
; _: X0 L: M* Y 区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点' Y2 l$ S% Q8 |8 s- `3 t! g
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区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 |