二、介词
. O' n; {5 G8 l; J0 X. I 介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。
" p9 @, \- S R2 v8 T7 P3 y (一) 介词搭配 例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those
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# z/ t5 e" c: M' l- r6 q: S! J in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. D
s, w: a8 H5 `6 B2 d( i 分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错( _+ x2 E2 D# H
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal.
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" o$ a4 D& k6 E0 n- ~ 分析:B错改为be rich in
' f1 N6 X3 p: K6 A! @ 例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the3 k7 p$ a" s9 _5 e3 K/ f
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alternation of periods of light and darkness.4 L5 T. h8 l' ~
D
+ E9 I- ]1 I1 z5 _% Q+ ] 分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。
; s4 }' @! B0 _0 O0 Z. p- { (二) 最重要的两个介词 1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.+ k7 P9 h1 b8 V5 f
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。
5 A- W8 G$ [8 X 例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has
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& [! B9 H# P3 M1 A" E# b: ` starred in stage, television, and film productions on- I9 M+ q4 z" ^6 s- N. O0 y0 z$ [" @
C
1 |/ z6 M4 S7 C both sides the Atlantic Ocean.4 Q: r. i" o6 {. g
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。
& }1 K/ R) S2 P4 ? 2、介词by7 f2 E0 ^2 F6 r6 B3 x
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by,另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing# e& R" x$ @, x5 [1 F
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States
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" C0 R! `4 f5 z* A9 Y6 D8 S# G can be performed from a justice of the peace.6 _- i8 A; x, ]# w
C D
0 ^5 V/ R1 }% U1 T: M! E: z0 d 分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
/ E8 n; e$ J' P2 Q 例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils
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/ e9 k6 C+ h1 V* y could veto a declaration of war at refusing to
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' B3 u+ I' y- M- ~& A3 d# o supply moccasins and field rations.
8 v0 M1 Y3 `+ E% O( w( ` 分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。
: G3 y( U8 F5 N 例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with5 x) i* H! a5 ], R; A
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements
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that are often represented at symbols.
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 |