二、介词
' G% d1 I* {# M1 L 介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。) C9 }& G( M* `
(一) 介词搭配 例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those! Y$ _) }3 n; w! m+ Y
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. D
# i) O) x9 B3 z$ o 分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错. P. {1 t, Q; |1 H- N' I
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal.2 @' x0 Z' A- ~& u! \! b
A B C D
' X. f* Z+ O9 h) ?+ x$ J 分析:B错改为be rich in
: ^* N0 }1 y$ @, w9 R0 s 例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the) f! A8 B/ F0 q4 A7 `" e5 N* J
A B C
$ z6 W1 F8 P, a% e8 R, c alternation of periods of light and darkness.
. _0 R0 F5 U. w5 p D
3 K5 \0 D% m$ y 分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。% A* k0 \( H, F. s/ |8 q0 m
(二) 最重要的两个介词 1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.; h2 o4 F2 W- l; p9 z6 } p8 q! J+ r
A B C D
7 z7 q/ ]4 K* I6 ~, Q% c) y 分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。
7 X* A1 T5 m+ W6 R 例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has/ |4 M' {7 K% t7 s5 _
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean.% S) f% n, X9 e$ V8 S
D
7 G% @9 n& l7 C3 @ 分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。
+ d, {, u1 \3 |( S' U 2、介词by5 |) ]+ X3 Z9 R8 b. b' ?
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by,另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing# H) u$ D& D4 J8 A
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States
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! ~8 {5 ]0 X7 S+ m9 R/ V can be performed from a justice of the peace.0 c+ I8 F# X1 V7 N7 ~
C D
3 k! X+ g1 M L) X 分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
7 d" s% e4 f* i" E0 k2 J 例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to6 j( e( v' C }! [
B C D
) ]" \' S q4 K- _* Z$ B supply moccasins and field rations.
" _8 K0 E) {7 B 分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。
- y! F6 \* [' B& g% I/ L) P. V' { 例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with9 V/ ?; C& v: Z K
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements
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that are often represented at symbols.
% G! f& ]3 i8 }* I9 ^ D
( [7 h, m" X/ ~4 V4 B0 W/ x# [ 分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 |