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[词汇辅导] 词性变化及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题)中,命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致、(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中,形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。 词性混淆常考题型及解题要点+ C, \5 ~+ `/ C
  1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一6 [' ]! K4 h4 p, P/ U; `2 T
  全真例题分析
8 A! l+ J+ j/ A- K. s" F# l- B  (1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)6 }$ b' b; `" z6 g0 C4 _
  [答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词,故(A)Bigness应改为Big.
* Z# y3 H" o# y* E% }  (2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10): ~& Q8 d: h! ~9 B
  [答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词,而speed是形容词,故应改为speed.( Q0 x) i4 F! j  P' i% {
  (3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
) v6 y- i$ l* ?( g  [答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词,共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs .而locally是副词,应改为local.
+ J% B/ d! X9 Q  _  (4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)4 t# h: |* l9 @  h+ v- j! F
  [答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real.之后亦应是形容词imaginary.
% s- e! V: \8 \  2. 形容词错用为副词5 n" ]  ^2 ]. a7 }
  解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的,而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
* i; H, Z' q  n6 e# L* S- Q  全真例题分析. ]+ V& x$ P6 N: Z' @5 x, a- i
  (1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
* k" Q& K0 |# J; H: Z  [答案]C 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely.4 `" \4 J6 A: [7 e
  (2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.! b8 J. y0 C; J/ I
  [答案] D 修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately.
  h4 t0 T. g0 M0 E# S* \2 y& p  (3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
) c5 x; p$ |+ ?* ~7 ~, ]& ^: c9 Q, b9 w  [答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably.
. j- \, A% N% w  ]4 M- F  (4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)8 A; Z  Y3 Q! x7 {" Q2 C
  [答案] C 修饰整个句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 应用副词recently,表示时间。
8 E/ f/ T) z. E2 @6 h0 V# D7 V  (5) Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
/ x  B1 Z* |" {+ g6 R  [答案] C 修饰动increase 应用副词greatly.
6 m8 i: P& t/ E5 [  3. 以副词后缀-ly组成的副词错用为形容词% C9 D* Q. v. F+ U6 c
  解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中如果有以-ly形式构成的副词,应首先考虑它的词性是否正确,是否错用为形容词。 全真例题分析
( w9 ~  a1 ~! {' r; c! ^: d: p  (1) Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs. (93.8)4 f& z, O9 R: k6 t
  [答案] A 修饰名词应用形从词。Heavily 应改为heavy.
% \, Z) }; x- t4 g  W% }! B8 y( v  (2) The katydid a type of grasshopper is actively at night and rests motionless amid foliage during the day. (93.8)) b( Q5 @1 b  H( v9 s* j5 s
  [答案] B 改为形容词active,作表语。
% ^, _* H. I4 a" m) d/ V& c  (3) Although the unified states experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nineteenth century ,it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry (93.10)* N5 y$ w) P. q/ L
  [答案] A 修饰名词应用形容词rapid growth.
2 ]/ O+ [+ T$ U  (4) Although they are in different countries, Windsor. Ontario and Detroit, Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest. (91.5)
  P) B. S2 l  M& ?! h" k  [答案] D 改为mutual interest.. E3 V8 d- C5 g# L; t9 x- D
  4. 以名词后缀- tion ,- sion 组成的名词错用为动词6 l" j- H9 k' X( ^8 x
  解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现以-tion, -sion形式构成的名词,应首先考虑它的词性是否正确,是否错用为动词。6 E9 X! |, |: _/ Y" L0 l
  全真例题分析* O/ ?* M: _& W' D
  (1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
* ^) U; X7 x% p  [答案] A application应改为applied,作谓语动词的被动语态。
( C% \- G* w4 f9 e9 B  (2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
5 ^* O: C1 X/ r9 I: ?; }
& E6 y% \8 R: o9 _6 T# H8 t0 p) a) `  [答案] B supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

词性变化及真题要点解析

</p>  (3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)9 d! j$ O  l8 x% j
  [答案] A Fascination 改为Fascinated, 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。
5 }; J- v3 q2 U6 E2 t; p  (4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)
! Q$ c) A' v/ m5 ~  [答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语,修饰University of Chicago( a  L# S  `( ?8 @( M. r
  5. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
& P8 m% `* l4 B# I7 X+ ?  全真例题分析2 a7 u6 T% v1 }. x2 D. T0 j8 P
  (1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)* j8 t4 x1 k0 g- [! A. \) u% I
  [答案] C 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。
5 j5 K, n3 [( D: M: ^/ @* P9 |- W; ?  (2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
  G( V, \8 e6 E" z7 G' R2 j' j  [答案] A 形容词powerful应改为名词power,与height和speed并列。4 A' ]6 H% c) @; }  o
  (3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
, z, E. K  M/ E+ p9 u  [答案] D 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent, 用来修饰后面的名词variables.
& E3 G: `- m9 {9 q9 W# [  O/ w  (4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
; N6 g3 ?% p, N3 F* j  [答案]A 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency.作主语。* T1 u  W# u7 W3 ~7 Z
  (5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate. (90.8)- V, K( j7 Q% ~2 f, f& f. I7 |( Q$ o
  [答案] B 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ,用主语。4 P& F6 L( o3 q! y/ _
  (6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)( i6 u1 S6 \" b) f1 Q
  [答案] D 名词difference改为形容词different,修饰后面的名词。
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