词性变化及真题要点解析

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　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”（本书要点之1）和“平行结构”（本书要点之4）组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression （16-40题）中，命题范围包括（1）并列结构中词性一致、（2）形容词与副词混淆、（3）形容词与名词混淆、（4）名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。 词性混淆常考题型及解题要点
0 {" {) k, a# ~, W　　1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一
" @6 M1 w; n  B6 @　　全真例题分析
　　（1） Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. （93.3）
　　[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big.
　　（2） The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness， speedy ，and maneuverability. （92.10）
　　[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed.
% H. ?, ^7 `* E1 h　　（3） Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. （92.5）
　　[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs .而locally是副词，应改为local.
4 f( i) d0 u9 ^3 j; P  ]　　（4） In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals， real or imagine， that exemplified human traits. （92.5）
9 J8 j( p' L- H; o5 y) _# R　　[答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real.之后亦应是形容词imaginary.
8 q, j3 L1 V  a5 |* j* e　　2. 形容词错用为副词
' ?) O! e2 Z$ N+ O: q" }　　解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
　　全真例题分析
　　（1） Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits （93.5）
　　[答案]C 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely.
　　（2） The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California， has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
　　[答案] D 修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately.
5 a1 L! O* f3 a$ }　　（3） Because its body is supported by water， the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. （93.8）
　　[答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably.
　　（4） Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. （92.8）
　　[答案] C 修饰整个句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 应用副词recently，表示时间。
　　（5） Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
7 O# ^+ G: z% N! X* T　　[答案] C 修饰动increase 应用副词greatly.
! @! j; k& N9 Y( D- m- H  K& E　　3. 以副词后缀－ly组成的副词错用为形容词
　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中如果有以－ly形式构成的副词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为形容词。 全真例题分析
　　（1） Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs. （93.8）
1 u& T7 q2 W+ _. n3 R) p% v　　[答案] A 修饰名词应用形从词。Heavily 应改为heavy.
　　（2） The katydid a type of grasshopper is actively at night and rests motionless amid foliage during the day. （93.8）
　　[答案] B 改为形容词active，作表语。
　　（3） Although the unified states experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nineteenth century ，it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry （93.10）
7 L- A7 ]4 R0 F- d　　[答案] A 修饰名词应用形容词rapid growth.
　　（4） Although they are in different countries， Windsor. Ontario and Detroit， Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest. （91.5）
0 q' b+ u; g4 \! W2 x! ]2 o* \　　[答案] D 改为mutual interest.
　　4. 以名词后缀- tion ，- sion 组成的名词错用为动词
0 f' D8 F: q) X5 g+ ^% O　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现以－tion， -sion形式构成的名词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。
　　全真例题分析
　　（1） The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past， whether mythical or historical in character. （92.10）
　　[答案] A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。
　　（2） Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions， supervision staff， delegate responsibility， and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. （92.100
) C2 `4 y2 a9 l( ?) Z5 Q$ f) \
　　[答案] B supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。

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</p>　　（3） Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle， Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. （93.10）
　　[答案] A Fascination 改为Fascinated， 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。
　　（4） From 1872 to， Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. （93.8）
　　[答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago
" _6 u1 Y* X7 y' Y9 H& z　　5. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ，-tie -enc.， -ent，-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
　　全真例题分析
& y) b8 W' P* B　　（1） Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. （92.10）
　　[答案] C 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。
　　（2） Height， powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. （93.8）
　　[答案] A 形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。
+ ?/ X" A; ^7 u) N' o　　（3） A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. （93.1）
　　[答案] D 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent， 用来修饰后面的名词variables.
　　（4） A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. （92.8）
　　[答案]A 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency.作主语。
8 n- F3 V/ E5 {- r4 Z; }- v9 M0 d! c　　（5） In nature， the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate. （90.8）
　　[答案] B 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ，用主语。
/ g- w7 Y  s+ A; W$ h4 G　　（6） A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. （93.5）
　　[答案] D 名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。