复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
6 B" C8 O7 R3 {4 h8 r: d: x 全真例题分析
& n' H9 J. n( d% E3 U (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them —— insects.6 w" S5 R# r7 }* J+ m% D3 C1 W. Z
(A) traps
% b1 F8 r7 r$ ]2 h# f' z' U2 d (B) trap its. d" q u1 _+ i# O/ e1 z! g
(C) which traps
1 U9 \8 Q( ] j% c& y! u1 ^ (D) which it traps (92.1)% Y1 d5 J6 l6 k7 H, Y4 I
[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
' T }! L/ ^7 w* D$ }' _; { (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found —— higher plants can survive.3 h7 M3 Z' \1 x, S2 m- U* _: C% ?: d- G
(A) there: W8 e. Q7 ~6 }- T9 O
(B) wherever
# \8 |1 c2 F. R I. R# z2 w (C) somewhere& |: R( l1 @' U5 W; i+ K8 R' w1 v
(D) then (92.5)
4 N5 x5 k, ^4 ?1 ?6 E [答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。
( ]! o; N e4 O2 U; l$ x" M (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist —— ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.1 U+ Q! p7 I6 T5 @8 c6 B
(A) him+ V& J6 k0 }) E# j
(B) although# ]* D* p7 b0 R# S! X
(C) or
! V: A; h: u; b0 q, o (D) who (92.10)
' E- ?- T8 g, x) h. }; U$ x5 H3 ^ [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。
; U& f$ K6 e( t8 c (4)——。 Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.% J1 n7 p* s9 a5 X6 T) Q
(A) A volcano erupts8 l! h |% U# ~4 G6 Z3 ~
(B) A volcano whether erupts
. ~; C) k9 x3 R1 H2 u- p (C) A volcano erupts it
- W' y0 i' Q z- _5 k (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
, f' `1 q7 X6 j' e3 x: a8 u E [答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。- i t: `9 \& Z. j0 z
2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
8 t( t4 }' x! B0 \3 T 解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
5 \2 o s. _) @, w 全直例题分析$ q7 p6 Q; ]* U& O
(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)8 H" y1 T. _2 Q `7 _( H/ t" k6 g
[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that.
% M1 H+ |+ m |( A (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
3 r+ i; b7 O& h0 v* c; @7 l5 ^ [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who.
2 u ?. ~6 j; O) i (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)8 t* s7 ^! L; L I
[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which.2 {& U) d6 h3 @5 a4 {
(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10): o) x! O% v8 v L2 |1 h) R4 S/ e
[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that.
7 w5 T* z2 \+ N) M9 { 3. 介词+关系代词which结构
0 i2 E( E: ]- F7 Q1 G 解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。
: S3 u% [; U# p" B; [% Z 全真例题分析
3 a: z" G/ ` x (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.
! i9 {6 ^2 {, K0 p" G7 a* U (A) is which: O1 S5 F7 X6 ?7 s' s; k
(B) on which' p0 ]- q9 ^. I
(C) which is on0 e: y8 d3 `% F1 P- n6 Z1 v
(D) on it (91.1)
* p& [& \# Q V2 |: y6 W: C# w! k [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。) W- o3 l6 D0 M
(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How.& P% q5 Q# O z- ?5 |# p# N
(A) through it! E3 l$ f' X, \8 ]$ F; \; s
(B) through which
/ K& H: B! w3 s (C) that is through' v& |5 R. a3 K# P; p7 v% y
(D) there goes through (93.3)# u9 L2 e3 j g! I: j
[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。9 Y) A5 a' Q+ G x/ C! s
(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.! Q4 W# [- L' l$ |% [
(A) which
2 n+ k9 u& p v; I6 a" ] (B) which in. @0 W. P4 p: ~0 p7 W, o
(C) in which& o% N6 {1 m9 p( M0 U; G1 M0 k/ X
(D) in (90.5)
8 t4 m# f* c. I5 c1 N4 _1 @+ _ [答案] C in which = where9 O3 @& O, l4 C7 ~0 K( _
(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose —— intended.
% c, ?1 ~/ @! w) Z$ A/ Z (A) they were for" w1 s6 D- n5 r. {* r* j
(B) for they were( [! l" K+ G7 [$ R
(C) which were they
3 O" f6 }$ V- j0 B# J (D) for which they were (93.10)
; S2 U- |, M1 W% g! ^ [答案] D for which指代for the purpose.
" c9 m1 S5 y0 ~2 [. |( P" q3 q8 u- b- V, V( ]3 C0 R1 S
4. What 引导的名词性从句 解题要点:what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份,即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意,what既已包含先行词在内,它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目 |