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[词汇辅导] 托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
6 B" C8 O7 R3 {4 h8 r: d: x  全真例题分析
& n' H9 J. n( d% E3 U  (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them —— insects.6 w" S5 R# r7 }* J+ m% D3 C1 W. Z
  (A) traps
% b1 F8 r7 r$ ]2 h# f' z' U2 d  (B) trap its. d" q  u1 _+ i# O/ e1 z! g
  (C) which traps
1 U9 \8 Q( ]  j% c& y! u1 ^  (D) which it traps (92.1)% Y1 d5 J6 l6 k7 H, Y4 I
  [答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
' T  }! L/ ^7 w* D$ }' _; {  (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found —— higher plants can survive.3 h7 M3 Z' \1 x, S2 m- U* _: C% ?: d- G
  (A) there: W8 e. Q7 ~6 }- T9 O
  (B) wherever
# \8 |1 c2 F. R  I. R# z2 w  (C) somewhere& |: R( l1 @' U5 W; i+ K8 R' w1 v
  (D) then (92.5)
4 N5 x5 k, ^4 ?1 ?6 E  [答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。
( ]! o; N  e4 O2 U; l$ x" M  (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist —— ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.1 U+ Q! p7 I6 T5 @8 c6 B
  (A) him+ V& J6 k0 }) E# j
  (B) although# ]* D* p7 b0 R# S! X
  (C) or
! V: A; h: u; b0 q, o  (D) who (92.10)
' E- ?- T8 g, x) h. }; U$ x5 H3 ^  [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。
; U& f$ K6 e( t8 c  (4)——。 Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.% J1 n7 p* s9 a5 X6 T) Q
  (A) A volcano erupts8 l! h  |% U# ~4 G6 Z3 ~
  (B) A volcano whether erupts
. ~; C) k9 x3 R1 H2 u- p  (C) A volcano erupts it
- W' y0 i' Q  z- _5 k  (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
, f' `1 q7 X6 j' e3 x: a8 u  E  [答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。- i  t: `9 \& Z. j0 z
  2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
8 t( t4 }' x! B0 \3 T  解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
5 \2 o  s. _) @, w  全直例题分析$ q7 p6 Q; ]* U& O
  (1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)8 H" y1 T. _2 Q  `7 _( H/ t" k6 g
  [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that.
% M1 H+ |+ m  |( A  (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
3 r+ i; b7 O& h0 v* c; @7 l5 ^  [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who.
2 u  ?. ~6 j; O) i  (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)8 t* s7 ^! L; L  I
  [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which.2 {& U) d6 h3 @5 a4 {
  (4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10): o) x! O% v8 v  L2 |1 h) R4 S/ e
  [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that.
7 w5 T* z2 \+ N) M9 {  3. 介词+关系代词which结构
0 i2 E( E: ]- F7 Q1 G  解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。
: S3 u% [; U# p" B; [% Z  全真例题分析
3 a: z" G/ `  x  (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.
! i9 {6 ^2 {, K0 p" G7 a* U  (A) is which: O1 S5 F7 X6 ?7 s' s; k
  (B) on which' p0 ]- q9 ^. I
  (C) which is on0 e: y8 d3 `% F1 P- n6 Z1 v
  (D) on it (91.1)
* p& [& \# Q  V2 |: y6 W: C# w! k  [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。) W- o3 l6 D0 M
  (2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How.& P% q5 Q# O  z- ?5 |# p# N
  (A) through it! E3 l$ f' X, \8 ]$ F; \; s
  (B) through which
/ K& H: B! w3 s  (C) that is through' v& |5 R. a3 K# P; p7 v% y
  (D) there goes through (93.3)# u9 L2 e3 j  g! I: j
  [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。9 Y) A5 a' Q+ G  x/ C! s
  (3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.! Q4 W# [- L' l$ |% [
  (A) which
2 n+ k9 u& p  v; I6 a" ]  (B) which in. @0 W. P4 p: ~0 p7 W, o
  (C) in which& o% N6 {1 m9 p( M0 U; G1 M0 k/ X
  (D) in (90.5)
8 t4 m# f* c. I5 c1 N4 _1 @+ _  [答案] C in which = where9 O3 @& O, l4 C7 ~0 K( _
  (4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose —— intended.
% c, ?1 ~/ @! w) Z$ A/ Z  (A) they were for" w1 s6 D- n5 r. {* r* j
  (B) for they were( [! l" K+ G7 [$ R
  (C) which were they
3 O" f6 }$ V- j0 B# J  (D) for which they were (93.10)
; S2 U- |, M1 W% g! ^  [答案] D for which指代for the purpose.
" c9 m1 S5 y0 ~2 [. |( P" q3 q8 u- b- V, V( ]3 C0 R1 S
  4. What 引导的名词性从句 解题要点:what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份,即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意,what既已包含先行词在内,它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析

</p>  全真例题分析+ c& \: `+ f7 i; F* A* }
  (1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became —— is now Indiana and Ohio.
8 H$ `2 Q9 l0 {; O0 F8 V: }; \  (A) there
4 e! B+ ]5 _3 z  U  (B) where
) H2 c& \$ t3 I  (C) that
' b) s, ~- u0 R* d5 U2 T5 U% _  (D) what (93.5). u  t2 V/ `# w2 B0 C, M3 T
  [答案] D what = the area that.What所指代的是地点、位置。然而,此句却不可选择(B)where.因为关系副词where不能作从句的主语。只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。
7 O) f# P' [' w# J0 J' _1 p# {& U  (2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on —— best in its climate and soil.  c, ], T. x: R3 A3 j
  (A) it grows/ Z7 A; {# @* _9 A; A+ ?; ]( S* r
  (B) what grows" S, t9 e+ \0 ^& X
  (C) does it grow; J  E  m8 C: j0 I
  (D) what does grow (90.1)5 G( p8 p4 t; i
  [答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注意:介词后面通常不能接that引导的从句,但可接what引导的名词性从句。) k& A, h& [' v3 v" K/ |
  (3) A hinge joint is —— permits the forward and backward movement of a door.9 {3 b  w3 x% s( ^
  (A) the: N6 u' E8 }8 F
  (B) what
, m, l5 L7 h( i" l- x) s2 g  (C) those4 n4 \3 o1 k0 U/ l# X9 t/ Y1 c
  (D) whose (88.10)
. i$ \: L7 c- [: N; G) T1 r* X& [  [答案] B what = the thing that…$ X  e& p9 Z' Q- A! k/ q
  (4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of —— reality.# C" |( T3 m% {9 f0 l. ?7 u3 F
  (A) what it is conceived
$ ]7 b% s9 }7 {% z  (B) that is conceived7 F. C. C1 [% K3 N7 l) l6 F
  (C) what is conceived to be' C. l/ h# B$ f$ r0 G5 \
  (D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
- M* E, D; w- d  U" j* S1 a. ]  [答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案(A)中的代词it是多余的,因为what本身即已包含了先行词(the thing ) 和关系代词(that) .答案(B)中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。& N" A5 Y6 A9 L% t' b/ T& G- g
  (5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.106 a' c0 d; f' V
  [答案] B what应改为that.此句已含有先行词food,不能再用关系代词what.
$ V/ ]! L* D$ Q3 H  5. 主句和从句
" `/ X# C4 U: ^  解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题)中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉,而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义,它只具有引导出主语从句的功能,因而很容易被忽略。6 |; c& Q; \. [; v
  全真例题分析6 K) y8 t9 u4 }4 }. g+ f
  (1) —— xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.4 G. H7 K& z' g3 U* ~# n6 k
  (A) For" T0 }; o' I0 h" r' l' |; R9 a
  (B) It was* L. G* B+ E( l- M- w& O2 Y
  (C) That
1 A' R0 K/ R1 N, u$ ^/ j8 n0 ^/ t  (D) While (91.1)
( C2 Z- W3 e! s# P  [答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语,第二个系动was是主句的谓语。# K( b/ Q+ o3 l1 P
  (2) —— to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.* k: ?* T2 f9 W
  (A) Danger can be& k  s% {5 P( d; D1 z; b* k
  (B) They can be dangerous7 E* y- ~" _9 a* z9 z; ~
  (C) What can be dangerous# G" Q$ D! o- Q
  (D) While danger (93.1)
; N- ^! ]/ f) K! `' H  [答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词,又是从句的主语。2 z& \- I' ?, |7 `4 H% g$ O
  (3) —— has been a topic of continual geological research.
! e/ [0 W$ Z' A. f* e4 S% n/ c! [  (A) Did the continents originate
( I6 s6 i) x: |3 q7 L  (B) How did the continents originate
9 x; F/ \8 h$ M( b  (C) Have the continents originated' Y. s3 J+ B. P- u& i
  (D) How the continents originated (91.1)
: z7 S4 ~. T/ T1 I  [答案] D How 引导的主语从句。
# Z4 @# R& f' m: E0 Z  (4) —— progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.% ~- x8 C" o  q9 U
  (A) Technological
7 f5 v' r( u& j" E# I1 t0 d  (B) That technological
' k5 f) S+ u. B, T, E  M  (C)Although technological
) I  j5 V' N' {+ B0 q  (D)There is technological" M$ m/ X: z) r
  [答案] B. That 引导的主语从句,当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is),而空格在句首,应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。
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