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[词汇辅导] 托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
$ c5 ?9 A. g  i1 d  全真例题分析  b; o3 |4 ~! @1 W( w
  (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them —— insects.
5 F0 j. M8 ^" s% Y* C; p  n0 g7 c  (A) traps
& J  y, f& ?/ w  (B) trap its
2 |! O! T$ w# ~% \" s4 ^' _  (C) which traps
4 H) `' w- u; y8 w  (D) which it traps (92.1)7 Z3 X  D2 l2 H. z$ @3 r/ ~* J* J8 P
  [答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
; u6 {2 m8 k# u4 Q  (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found —— higher plants can survive., @) T* S9 Z/ _' M
  (A) there: g4 O: F8 v1 J+ h. b5 K
  (B) wherever  n+ l" I7 R: B/ u
  (C) somewhere
. ~/ G9 s4 k9 Y2 z. C) c: \6 ?) d  (D) then (92.5). }' L9 P2 x1 B# L+ P; X
  [答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。
6 m$ b9 W8 d6 R* c; V& F  (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist —— ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
- C! a1 k: w0 Y  (A) him( k4 p! P1 Y# h. a
  (B) although1 Q' ?0 j: z; w0 R
  (C) or
1 H$ C, w, f$ G% @  (D) who (92.10)
4 n/ f& d. `4 S  [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。, m7 j( ^! g+ s2 C4 l
  (4)——。 Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
* V/ V" O/ S& f8 ]7 n  (A) A volcano erupts0 V( B. r8 m( \1 x
  (B) A volcano whether erupts
& B& z4 r) S- d  (C) A volcano erupts it& ?% h4 ~( V9 w% W! N2 C, ~) K
  (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)2 E! N. s. `5 B7 v
  [答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
) N' e9 ~2 N* i- c" R( f( g  2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
, d) |. |. u; a; |7 y  解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。4 L4 {+ h2 p6 I7 W3 V0 F
  全直例题分析# @  q" P: V& A5 s6 I
  (1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)9 O3 ~) e6 r7 _: s
  [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that.! N5 M- }: `- L
  (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
. w) \, N/ r4 ?$ P8 V7 ]  [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who.1 i! X6 o9 {. I% {, r
  (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)! g% Z& {" @1 l0 _1 m, _$ k, v
  [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which.
, M3 h; C1 M% T1 g/ f8 q  (4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
: u' D1 H* O+ _7 h  [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that.0 l' @" l7 X" _- Q8 W
  3. 介词+关系代词which结构  i. }) ]3 B; X/ z* H% n) ?: X
  解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。
9 T: A3 R) S# m" c0 m  全真例题分析
9 r+ m# C* _* j  (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.- E, o! o# u& y$ Q( Q
  (A) is which
0 y3 `, P7 X; C( Q; f. B  (B) on which
) _- G6 u" i0 M1 u3 X3 u  (C) which is on# E1 @7 g4 e: Y
  (D) on it (91.1)0 X* f: |. |4 P1 ^8 R* |" p- n9 q
  [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。
. I& u" G* \% `/ T" D4 Y  L3 ^  (2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How., a0 ~( L8 c5 m
  (A) through it
6 e7 T2 S0 j5 E# V2 L2 ]  I; R7 o. o  (B) through which% K8 v) j! Z5 g
  (C) that is through  A+ U0 b8 j1 K
  (D) there goes through (93.3)" S  W% ]( \, f- ^" }3 H
  [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
# Y& h- i, R1 M$ z+ p  (3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.
4 F- O; u, g8 L; X9 O4 |  (A) which
6 M- y1 {! `; n5 m/ }  (B) which in& F5 f+ y  m/ s
  (C) in which% I2 Q! d$ x5 a3 g/ u1 q
  (D) in (90.5)) e% j/ X. }5 U$ K' w! x! `1 ?3 a
  [答案] C in which = where
! f+ V' F, b/ ~  ?  (4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose —— intended.: n9 ]0 g. {) B) v# U" z: x
  (A) they were for
1 O1 G( T/ i7 D6 @" Y  (B) for they were6 B/ K( b4 b, O9 `
  (C) which were they
! k9 x2 y6 [. ~5 h0 A- _2 O  (D) for which they were (93.10)6 X- Y/ H& u( L/ g5 J* Z; Z
  [答案] D for which指代for the purpose.+ v" R+ [7 G; X' i
5 E! V# q2 d8 z9 h& q
  4. What 引导的名词性从句 解题要点:what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份,即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意,what既已包含先行词在内,它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 00:34:19 | 显示全部楼层

托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析

</p>  全真例题分析
3 {! Z1 O6 e- Y  (1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became —— is now Indiana and Ohio.) d5 [% a- [3 a
  (A) there9 D  [0 D+ o, n' j& D/ C7 f3 @( }
  (B) where( A9 ]6 W  _0 x( E2 h
  (C) that3 `+ L) v0 Z1 Q+ V. N
  (D) what (93.5); F' k2 h* I5 C8 S/ ^
  [答案] D what = the area that.What所指代的是地点、位置。然而,此句却不可选择(B)where.因为关系副词where不能作从句的主语。只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。2 c) P, o9 E1 z# a0 [9 R" u
  (2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on —— best in its climate and soil.
2 _, i9 E" I' ^* s  o  R7 M2 z  (A) it grows  P; `; i+ y. {2 ^  R
  (B) what grows
1 f8 l% ^" x6 h9 r; G/ [. l! w2 U  (C) does it grow
8 w$ }" H) y1 r" X" G6 s4 J  (D) what does grow (90.1)
1 G3 q7 F, V& U2 a0 B; `; c  [答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注意:介词后面通常不能接that引导的从句,但可接what引导的名词性从句。' w9 C% O( F4 ]' W* G
  (3) A hinge joint is —— permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
& N* n* T( {* l/ C- l  (A) the
# ^" j; K6 g/ _  (B) what
% b7 W; m. y* R9 t  (C) those
& R$ d# g$ V# z" }; p* D  (D) whose (88.10)+ X! S& t* C0 B) k# g0 m& R
  [答案] B what = the thing that…
, M5 a; {6 ^$ o( L' W  (4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of —— reality.2 g# Z3 D( k: v" N4 Z
  (A) what it is conceived
* `, ^0 {* K7 x! x7 }$ L: z" X  (B) that is conceived
. K9 v1 a5 W/ ^9 V  (C) what is conceived to be8 J6 F  E0 x+ e
  (D) that is being conceived of (89.5)+ t% D3 n  e% R
  [答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案(A)中的代词it是多余的,因为what本身即已包含了先行词(the thing ) 和关系代词(that) .答案(B)中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。2 u2 m5 u% u# g' T( j
  (5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.106 l0 c" ?' i. q0 m9 Z1 F: f9 H0 }  e& k
  [答案] B what应改为that.此句已含有先行词food,不能再用关系代词what.8 F5 N; g! c! X2 u- X2 D
  5. 主句和从句5 O8 L1 `" I, v
  解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题)中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉,而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义,它只具有引导出主语从句的功能,因而很容易被忽略。
3 B: V8 |! I7 M. l  全真例题分析  n6 t; W& J; {3 `. k/ }. r6 H, z3 [
  (1) —— xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.4 i4 C4 `, B! \4 w+ f
  (A) For
" i1 x7 L0 _: r5 I  (B) It was- `! E6 `5 q  k& V6 h9 o+ j
  (C) That
! N8 |" }3 m# N% B0 O2 `- R8 R1 h) S. R2 F  (D) While (91.1)# X; d1 ~6 V# D' `1 b, ~1 ~
  [答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语,第二个系动was是主句的谓语。1 s- f7 K6 m- C, i3 F" R2 _( S
  (2) —— to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
  M7 [. W  i  s) q5 N8 M+ ^  (A) Danger can be
5 e7 G' S: h8 a' S! E, n' l9 ^  (B) They can be dangerous' {' W5 L0 r6 }0 E( [: g
  (C) What can be dangerous. t, @4 s7 d/ j$ \+ R" u- L1 V8 b6 Q; H
  (D) While danger (93.1)( c5 p  Q! v8 {2 r, W5 A
  [答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词,又是从句的主语。
" k; L' v1 u; g' R- v  (3) —— has been a topic of continual geological research.9 X( l4 }; c! `) v' ?* U4 P
  (A) Did the continents originate
# e0 E9 q" Z0 G  (B) How did the continents originate9 V8 n' R. c8 K$ f
  (C) Have the continents originated
' _: `0 J+ E! K( j5 S- S- `  (D) How the continents originated (91.1)
5 t7 V4 \. ]2 r  [答案] D How 引导的主语从句。  d5 b; \/ C% x
  (4) —— progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
! o& P9 z) L; t$ @5 Z% F- v* P  (A) Technological0 g" D5 N' u- l7 p# O! g
  (B) That technological
. u) s/ o/ O% e" W0 D4 t1 s  (C)Although technological3 H; k3 F. U" c5 O" ?0 o
  (D)There is technological, [% J+ N, s1 P: h* p" M6 v6 Z; L
  [答案] B. That 引导的主语从句,当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is),而空格在句首,应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。
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