复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
$ c5 ?9 A. g i1 d 全真例题分析 b; o3 |4 ~! @1 W( w
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them —— insects.
5 F0 j. M8 ^" s% Y* C; p n0 g7 c (A) traps
& J y, f& ?/ w (B) trap its
2 |! O! T$ w# ~% \" s4 ^' _ (C) which traps
4 H) `' w- u; y8 w (D) which it traps (92.1)7 Z3 X D2 l2 H. z$ @3 r/ ~* J* J8 P
[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
; u6 {2 m8 k# u4 Q (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found —— higher plants can survive., @) T* S9 Z/ _' M
(A) there: g4 O: F8 v1 J+ h. b5 K
(B) wherever n+ l" I7 R: B/ u
(C) somewhere
. ~/ G9 s4 k9 Y2 z. C) c: \6 ?) d (D) then (92.5). }' L9 P2 x1 B# L+ P; X
[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。
6 m$ b9 W8 d6 R* c; V& F (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist —— ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
- C! a1 k: w0 Y (A) him( k4 p! P1 Y# h. a
(B) although1 Q' ?0 j: z; w0 R
(C) or
1 H$ C, w, f$ G% @ (D) who (92.10)
4 n/ f& d. `4 S [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。, m7 j( ^! g+ s2 C4 l
(4)——。 Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
* V/ V" O/ S& f8 ]7 n (A) A volcano erupts0 V( B. r8 m( \1 x
(B) A volcano whether erupts
& B& z4 r) S- d (C) A volcano erupts it& ?% h4 ~( V9 w% W! N2 C, ~) K
(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)2 E! N. s. `5 B7 v
[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
) N' e9 ~2 N* i- c" R( f( g 2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
, d) |. |. u; a; |7 y 解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。4 L4 {+ h2 p6 I7 W3 V0 F
全直例题分析# @ q" P: V& A5 s6 I
(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)9 O3 ~) e6 r7 _: s
[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that.! N5 M- }: `- L
(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
. w) \, N/ r4 ?$ P8 V7 ] [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who.1 i! X6 o9 {. I% {, r
(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)! g% Z& {" @1 l0 _1 m, _$ k, v
[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which.
, M3 h; C1 M% T1 g/ f8 q (4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
: u' D1 H* O+ _7 h [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that.0 l' @" l7 X" _- Q8 W
3. 介词+关系代词which结构 i. }) ]3 B; X/ z* H% n) ?: X
解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。
9 T: A3 R) S# m" c0 m 全真例题分析
9 r+ m# C* _* j (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.- E, o! o# u& y$ Q( Q
(A) is which
0 y3 `, P7 X; C( Q; f. B (B) on which
) _- G6 u" i0 M1 u3 X3 u (C) which is on# E1 @7 g4 e: Y
(D) on it (91.1)0 X* f: |. |4 P1 ^8 R* |" p- n9 q
[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。
. I& u" G* \% `/ T" D4 Y L3 ^ (2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How., a0 ~( L8 c5 m
(A) through it
6 e7 T2 S0 j5 E# V2 L2 ] I; R7 o. o (B) through which% K8 v) j! Z5 g
(C) that is through A+ U0 b8 j1 K
(D) there goes through (93.3)" S W% ]( \, f- ^" }3 H
[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
# Y& h- i, R1 M$ z+ p (3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.
4 F- O; u, g8 L; X9 O4 | (A) which
6 M- y1 {! `; n5 m/ } (B) which in& F5 f+ y m/ s
(C) in which% I2 Q! d$ x5 a3 g/ u1 q
(D) in (90.5)) e% j/ X. }5 U$ K' w! x! `1 ?3 a
[答案] C in which = where
! f+ V' F, b/ ~ ? (4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose —— intended.: n9 ]0 g. {) B) v# U" z: x
(A) they were for
1 O1 G( T/ i7 D6 @" Y (B) for they were6 B/ K( b4 b, O9 `
(C) which were they
! k9 x2 y6 [. ~5 h0 A- _2 O (D) for which they were (93.10)6 X- Y/ H& u( L/ g5 J* Z; Z
[答案] D for which指代for the purpose.+ v" R+ [7 G; X' i
5 E! V# q2 d8 z9 h& q
4. What 引导的名词性从句 解题要点:what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份,即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意,what既已包含先行词在内,它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目 |