为了让你对托福听力考试技巧有一个生动的形象化的认识,以下我们通过场景方法向你展示一个奇妙的答题方法。
# E. V& o* V' f) e' v4 h! e 场景法指的是考生通过对话揭示的场景关键词,判断磁带上的对话或演讲发生的实际生活场景,再根据这一生活场景答题。场景法可行的原因在于托福考试的目的。我们前面已经说过,托福测试的是外国学生在美国学习和生活要用到的基本语言能力,所以托福听力在内容上永远离不了学习和生活这一主题。学生生活的圈子不大,典型的仍然像中国的5点式,即宿舍—教室—食堂—图书馆—购物。而托福听力已经考了几十年了,学校里的几乎每一个角落上都被考过了。只要考生能熟悉学校里的各个场所经常发生的学生生活场景,仅凭几个词就可以知道整个对话或演讲的大体内容,从而得出(甚至猜出)正确答案。
0 j8 o' d6 n" {; B7 P9 v0 ?* O 在场景法的后面,我们将归纳美国大学生活的各个场合及其典型的对话内容。在这里,我们的先介绍一下如何利用场景法。
! k/ ~9 {3 _5 n; d2 e6 {) Y. G+ c 为什么要用场景法?
& z5 q% R1 u2 A; o 很多做过托福听力题的考生都有这种感受:即有些对话里的词全都听懂而且明白单词的意思,就是选不出答案。更离谱的是,即使让你看文字答案答题,你也未必会有很高的正确率。为什么会出现这种情况呢?原因在于场景,即英语里常说的situation.我们平时碰到有人试图安慰心情不好的自己时,经常会说“你不是我,你不会明白的”,就是这个道理。在托福的听力中,“清”的肯定不是“旁观者”,而只有“当局者”才会最清楚对话到底说的是什么。而要成为“当局者”,你必须熟悉托福听力的大学生活背景。下面的例子列举了熟悉场景的重要性:
3 Y! b; J2 p7 ~& E He got in and pushed the button for the forth floor.
6 w, v& y, ?6 U, H `0 J: j Question: What did he do?8 {" Z) D/ m. R3 E' J6 j
A. He took the elevator.
% e) i4 ?+ @ i7 e2 y B. He sewed the buttons on.; _/ V5 x9 o8 ]. V4 q3 L
C. He dropped something on the floor.3 ]' ?, M9 \* Y8 y2 ~# d( f
D. He made him go upstairs.# G# o8 J' f) n1 Z8 s0 d" H
这个单句题(现在的听力部分没有这种单句题),如果你不熟悉电梯的话,你会一头雾水,根本不知其所云何事。但是,如果你一听到就想到了电梯的话,那么这根本不是问题。+ h% q: N7 b, ?4 e( R
所以,托福的听力中的有些题目仅凭听清楚每个单词的字面意思是不够的(很多时候甚至是不必要的),你还必须生动地想象出对话所发生的具体生活场景。
5 r; ?% f3 m, N/ w) k# ^- ? 场景法的魅力
0 x3 v$ }9 `7 @: U 例如学生入学时登记注册的场景。如果你平时记住了关于register的词汇,如registration,course enrollment form,signed by academic advisor,get the department's approval,tables set up aIl the way around,stamp your form,approved,pay for tuition,officially enrolled,pick up identification card.那么,即使你听力能力较差,对话的具体细节没能听懂,你也能答对题。2 x% A4 P0 n: c- f7 J1 j1 u2 e
如果你不相信的话,请试着仅根据注册这一大学里发生的场景,而不根据对话的内容,做下面两道题。5 Z# b2 q# c. v* J
Q1. When would this talk be given?, a$ K2 | p8 o5 b) G5 l
A. At the beginning of a semester.3 `' _0 \4 R7 V& {
B. During the mid-semester vacation.
* g1 a! x5 `" i) j5 X5 u/ P; x5 x/ \ C. At final examination time.
0 S# x7 j- \3 m. h9 _. ~, V( z D. Just before a gymnastics event.
, O1 l; z, B/ N3 k1 u% |. r Q2. Where are the students going tomorrow?
. x6 ^: ]4 [ c A. To registration office.
( S* h: o3 @' P: V; } ?+ K B. To a class reunion.( ~& t: r; f3 O( {3 `' J
C. To their classes. W7 i& Y" s: ?* M. n
D. To a track meet.
: i/ n+ B1 A. f% ]6 U 第1题:该对话肯定发生在学期初。答案确实唾手可得。$ Z2 D# k. G7 I9 q& G- M5 \3 N
第2题:既然是讲注册,那肯定是去registration office.
( V/ s8 {) S1 ^0 F2 D- ~. v9 Q 对话内容及相关词句/ M+ ^' C! ?2 j6 s# w' [
以下是我们总结的针对对话内容的词句,记住这些词句有助于你对对话内容和场景的判断,从而正确地答案。即使你没有完全听懂对话,你也可能根据判断得出的对话场景正确地答题。6 u W5 y" V% f9 P* @0 p
1.东西丢了:lost the key,can‘t found the note. f4 t# e( D* t6 V' y* {
2.剃头:hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair+ H: c, I, u' H+ ^7 ^$ K
3.搭车:pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office
6 W/ X! W# n: \9 r0 a( S: h 4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert/ b: i4 g6 |& X1 ^
5.花需要光: put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh7 {+ A8 Q% b* D* X1 y& F g" ^
6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone) C/ w# J& x8 A, }/ Q) ]- b
7.图书馆: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study6 S* M m4 ~7 o/ p2 p ~! u+ Z' m9 n
8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,
n4 [* v: p3 i) [: ?; | 9.吃的: fish can‘t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,
* A. i. V% Q0 H: U; F 10.借东西: lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping d; k8 V8 Q) E5 ?5 w+ W/ Z
11.天气clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,
3 k; d' m, Z \( U" i% @9 A 12.作业能否完成:wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week |