为了让你对托福听力考试技巧有一个生动的形象化的认识,以下我们通过场景方法向你展示一个奇妙的答题方法。: m% |; h5 z# R
场景法指的是考生通过对话揭示的场景关键词,判断磁带上的对话或演讲发生的实际生活场景,再根据这一生活场景答题。场景法可行的原因在于托福考试的目的。我们前面已经说过,托福测试的是外国学生在美国学习和生活要用到的基本语言能力,所以托福听力在内容上永远离不了学习和生活这一主题。学生生活的圈子不大,典型的仍然像中国的5点式,即宿舍—教室—食堂—图书馆—购物。而托福听力已经考了几十年了,学校里的几乎每一个角落上都被考过了。只要考生能熟悉学校里的各个场所经常发生的学生生活场景,仅凭几个词就可以知道整个对话或演讲的大体内容,从而得出(甚至猜出)正确答案。* _5 x4 n; X, ^' d4 z7 G" F
在场景法的后面,我们将归纳美国大学生活的各个场合及其典型的对话内容。在这里,我们的先介绍一下如何利用场景法。$ e+ Q/ S' ~# q- g+ r+ D
为什么要用场景法?$ ?5 B# T+ v' Y8 v4 ~7 u' F2 V
很多做过托福听力题的考生都有这种感受:即有些对话里的词全都听懂而且明白单词的意思,就是选不出答案。更离谱的是,即使让你看文字答案答题,你也未必会有很高的正确率。为什么会出现这种情况呢?原因在于场景,即英语里常说的situation.我们平时碰到有人试图安慰心情不好的自己时,经常会说“你不是我,你不会明白的”,就是这个道理。在托福的听力中,“清”的肯定不是“旁观者”,而只有“当局者”才会最清楚对话到底说的是什么。而要成为“当局者”,你必须熟悉托福听力的大学生活背景。下面的例子列举了熟悉场景的重要性:
% @% s, s, s3 }( U% r! V He got in and pushed the button for the forth floor.
, I6 q2 W& w9 o% R Question: What did he do?
% C: l) P. l% W: x1 w; ]2 z A. He took the elevator.. @2 J6 m6 y' b" A6 G
B. He sewed the buttons on.. Q, \- @+ _8 }8 A/ B
C. He dropped something on the floor.- E3 M. I3 y" [; N
D. He made him go upstairs.
% l& B; K( R; m* C 这个单句题(现在的听力部分没有这种单句题),如果你不熟悉电梯的话,你会一头雾水,根本不知其所云何事。但是,如果你一听到就想到了电梯的话,那么这根本不是问题。/ |4 F0 E0 D6 e; w% N9 ~' X7 h q
所以,托福的听力中的有些题目仅凭听清楚每个单词的字面意思是不够的(很多时候甚至是不必要的),你还必须生动地想象出对话所发生的具体生活场景。% N9 W* z; Q7 _' D; I, I4 q' N" C
场景法的魅力
$ ~6 C* ?8 X2 B3 h7 @ 例如学生入学时登记注册的场景。如果你平时记住了关于register的词汇,如registration,course enrollment form,signed by academic advisor,get the department's approval,tables set up aIl the way around,stamp your form,approved,pay for tuition,officially enrolled,pick up identification card.那么,即使你听力能力较差,对话的具体细节没能听懂,你也能答对题。
) G) d$ w& I/ y$ p) x8 R* S3 u4 | 如果你不相信的话,请试着仅根据注册这一大学里发生的场景,而不根据对话的内容,做下面两道题。5 V1 Z8 z5 P* Q( g% @" F
Q1. When would this talk be given?
3 J! E& B* M+ M5 d) F! D/ N A. At the beginning of a semester.
; m. P% T+ }+ K5 p$ X* G3 U/ c, K B. During the mid-semester vacation.
( u1 C$ G/ K4 x; R$ H C. At final examination time.
% W# x( ~* t) \. y1 o D. Just before a gymnastics event.: q# m6 @. t" T0 }
Q2. Where are the students going tomorrow?
6 C0 T( w# I9 L: |0 [ A. To registration office.
9 B* w6 @+ s% @. p B. To a class reunion.
4 c4 j) D" M3 @# z! o C. To their classes.
6 T" G7 @6 T! n8 F! k D. To a track meet.2 l+ o, ^+ ~3 \) T+ |
第1题:该对话肯定发生在学期初。答案确实唾手可得。& D. ~+ I0 c& F/ T
第2题:既然是讲注册,那肯定是去registration office.
) j; V: H( h4 t4 V" F/ u% r- W- V1 d 对话内容及相关词句! N- w3 y7 t2 R3 K) u% C6 S
以下是我们总结的针对对话内容的词句,记住这些词句有助于你对对话内容和场景的判断,从而正确地答案。即使你没有完全听懂对话,你也可能根据判断得出的对话场景正确地答题。& n, |, W1 O$ |' H0 S6 s1 ~# Z
1.东西丢了:lost the key,can‘t found the note
$ Y8 A. `, J( Y7 t' w. e+ n0 \ 2.剃头:hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair! i& ~7 ^4 M/ {( F
3.搭车:pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office2 a$ Q8 Q9 q% f) v% a) ~
4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert
/ w- } h ]7 |+ u1 w# a 5.花需要光: put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh
- i. E+ B$ N, U/ X 6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone9 I& h/ k" z) J! q# b2 W
7.图书馆: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study: N* S& @, E m1 v
8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy," h. C9 q% h. l& F; @; t
9.吃的: fish can‘t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,
$ ]& N t3 g7 Y9 v [6 q( P 10.借东西: lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping$ {5 E3 \. @- B
11.天气clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,
( T& M5 B0 H. W e 12.作业能否完成:wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week |