历年GRE考试Issue题库分析与提纲十八

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244. "Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."  
4 @% z, q8 g  y+ W3 L; _: G大多数社会都没把最伟大的思想家当回事，虽然有时候这些社会自称是求才若渴的。  
   
% r3 u$ }* S7 G3 }; b6 U- Q/ rGreat thinkers are often wronged or ignored in many societies.
1.       Confucius is regarded as a great thinker in China, but today few people pay much attention to what he actually said.
( S+ g' {5 [( r1 L- n2.       John Dewey was one of the greatest thinkers in American history, but few Americans including scholars know much about him.
3.       In ancient Greece, the great thinker Socrates was sentenced to death.
社会和思想家
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12. "People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."  
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5 v1 G2 n) R8 d7 w3 |人们的态度更多的是由临时的情况或者环境所决定，而非人们自身的特点。  
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9 S! n. j+ k8 s8 N+ Q+ P- ]0 u4 aSocial environment does plays a more important role in forming a person’s attitudes.
0 E3 m" \3 Y! ]5 r  }1.       Admittedly, people’s inborn temperament does play an important role in their attitudes.
' k# N% ^; v. v. |2.       However, more often than not, people’s attitudes are largely influenced by their immediate situation or surroundings.  
3.       It should also be noted that external factors not only influence people’s attitudes, but also shape their characters.
  
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18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."  
   
只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念，人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。  
  
1 S5 `8 k, L/ W0 yAgree
1.       Different viewpoints interconnect with each other. Only after careful comparison can we reach the soul of the idea.
2.       Doubts and contrasting views can provide valuable use for reverences to our learning.
5 k2 [2 @7 _2 z$ R, K3.       History is replete with illustrative cases in which doubts and contrasting views contribute to the consummation of our knowledge.
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21. "Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."  
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改革几乎从来都不是由那些关心自己声誉和社会地位的人发起的。那些真正热衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他机构改革的人们一定都是甘于被他人轻视的。  
   
1.       Reform means the redistribution of benefits of various levels; therefore, resist and dissatisfaction is inevitable.

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2.       Those who are not really in earnest about reform will retreat when facing difficulties in a reform.