244. "Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them." : z% ~1 I! A, O( t& i
大多数社会都没把最伟大的思想家当回事,虽然有时候这些社会自称是求才若渴的。 ; Y( W; d# ~3 `- Z6 M: q, @
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Great thinkers are often wronged or ignored in many societies.
7 W3 j7 b: x3 H1 s: C- m! I$ N( d$ @1. Confucius is regarded as a great thinker in China, but today few people pay much attention to what he actually said. % p. o& g$ w- r* S
2. John Dewey was one of the greatest thinkers in American history, but few Americans including scholars know much about him.
( f# H, J% n5 v: }$ y: m3. In ancient Greece, the great thinker Socrates was sentenced to death.
; e5 x% B- g' K! U3 L社会和思想家
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! ~' n) C% |/ I" L12. "People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic." & s4 z% n# s. F7 ^8 W5 v
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人们的态度更多的是由临时的情况或者环境所决定,而非人们自身的特点。
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Social environment does plays a more important role in forming a person’s attitudes. ) P, y9 k8 z- I$ @) O
1. Admittedly, people’s inborn temperament does play an important role in their attitudes.
S6 m1 n; d1 A7 w& f2. However, more often than not, people’s attitudes are largely influenced by their immediate situation or surroundings. 8 J- i6 |5 t) p
3. It should also be noted that external factors not only influence people’s attitudes, but also shape their characters.
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18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea." ; o) d6 l9 ?7 T: N6 h
8 `7 T* E. s2 \9 x& E只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念,人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。
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1. Different viewpoints interconnect with each other. Only after careful comparison can we reach the soul of the idea.
1 G7 o; [7 [& m7 `3 Z5 i2. Doubts and contrasting views can provide valuable use for reverences to our learning.
" J/ q5 k0 {, {& A" H9 Q3. History is replete with illustrative cases in which doubts and contrasting views contribute to the consummation of our knowledge.
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% h+ k) e) I0 f6 u# E8 K3 @21. "Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."
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/ O3 @1 u1 C6 g( D6 ~改革几乎从来都不是由那些关心自己声誉和社会地位的人发起的。那些真正热衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他机构改革的人们一定都是甘于被他人轻视的。
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1. Reform means the redistribution of benefits of various levels; therefore, resist and dissatisfaction is inevitable. |