医学考博每日一读：Most child deaths 'preventable'

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Most deaths of young children around the world are from mainly preventable infectious causes, experts have said.
A US team, writing in the Lancet, looked at mortality figures from 2010.
% [! ~' o4 V) E+ u3 ~They found two-thirds of the 7.6m children who died before their fifth birthday did so due to infectious causes - and pneumonia was found to be the leading cause of death.
- \8 W7 |1 a/ t- }9 I7 X7 ^" JOne expert said it was very important to "translate such findings into action".
( Q6 q% A6 c3 ~4 MThe team from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health looked at data from a range of sources, including household surveys and registration systems for 193 countries. Mathematical modelling was used where data was incomplete.
They found child deaths had fallen by two million (26%) since 2000, and there have been significant reductions in leading causes of death including diarrhoea and measles - as well as pneumonia.
But they say there are still significant challenges.
International targets
/ _- G2 ?: l' S" e1 `8 jHalf of child deaths occurred in Africa - two thirds (2.6m) were due to infectious causes, including malaria and Aids.
In South East Asia, neonatal causes were the leading cause of death.
  t# F& C) E. A2 n0 VFive countries (India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo and China) accounted for almost half (3.75m) of deaths in children under five.
The researchers warn that very few countries will achieve international targets for improving child survival - the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 - by the 2015 deadline.
3 j8 D7 V8 @* k' _3 g- Y% ^Only tetanus, measles, and HIV/Aids have fallen enough to meet the target.
Writing in the Lancet, the researchers say: "Across all the previous and current rounds of causes of childhood death estimation, pneumonia and pre-term birth complications consistently rank as the leading causes at the global level.
9 g" L) ~- _* x"Africa and South East Asia are repeatedly the regions with the most deaths in children younger than five years.
"Our trend analysis shows that accelerated reductions are needed in the two major causes and in the two high-burden regions to achieve MDG4 by 2015."
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