历年GRE考试Issue题库分析与提纲二十六

会计考友

139. "Every new generation needs to redefine ’right’ and ’wrong’ in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."  
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每一代人都要根据自己时代的情况和自己的说法来重新定义对与错。  
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& L4 A! l% g, C$ _. u( Y& |9 C. C; i1.       We should define some new items for better understanding of the development of techniques and enhancing the quality of our life.  
2.       However, rashness of redefining the terms may cause detrimental effects to our society. Such as the sex liberty in the U.S., which led to dramatic rise in juvenile delinquency.
3.       Meanwhile, we should give no doubt to axioms.
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141. "Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity."  
   
% X5 x  b. ~2 C0 m% H% t虽然大多数人都承认个人的利益，但是事实上个人的经济成功需要的是一致。  
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Agree with concession
* B* r9 B" A! [0 Z* \! Q2 H1.       Regarding the sort of economic success that results from investing one’s wealth, the principles of investing dictate that those who seek risky investments in areas that are out of favor with the majority of investors ultimately reap higher returns than those who follow the crowd.
2.       Turning to the sort of economic success that one achieves by way of one’s work, neither conformists nor non-conformists necessarily achieve greater success than the other group.
) p8 g# n: B* J9 H2 A. l. I3.       However, in traditional service industries—such as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care—personal economic success comes not to non-conformist but rather to those who can work most effectively within the constraints of established practices, policies and regulations.
个人和整体  
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$ ~3 w* S' R$ J. `" t- m0 W- F- u1 X: C145. "A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one’s principles."  
   
对于个性的最大考验在于一个人是否能够适应不断变化的社会规范而不牺牲自己的原则。  
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# ~+ u0 w! D- |6 {5 X  nHow to confront changing social conventions is a crucial challenge to one’s character.
5 Q) \4 @6 C# M4 _  v( J( [1.       Those who can adapt to the changing social conventions such as economic climate without sacrificing their principles are more likely to succeed.   
4 z$ Z; T5 H) b4 q+ i; C3 ~3 ~2.       However, an even more praiseworthy character is one who is willing to change his principles to adapt to the changing situations when those principles are out of date.
个体和整体  
   
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146. "People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it."  
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对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。  
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Critical: Inclined to judge severely and find fault.  
爱挑剔的倾向于进行严厉批判和找岔的  
While I find this claim paradoxical on its face, the paradox is explainable, and the explanation is well supported empirically. Nevertheless, the claim is an unfair generalization in that it fails to account for other empirical evidence serving to discredit it.
A.       Are commitment and criticism mutually exclusive?  One possible explanation is that individuals most firmly committed to an idea or policy are often the same people who are most knowledgeable on the subject, and therefore are in the best position to understand and appreciate the problems with the idea or policy.
B.       Lending credence to this explanation for the paradoxical nature of the speaker’s claim are the many historical cases of uneasy marriage between commitment to and criticism of the same idea or policy.
C.       In the face of historical examples supporting the speaker’s claim are innumerable influential individuals who were zealously committed to certain ideas and policies but who were not critical of them, at least not outwardly.