新GRE考试辅导：阅难难句的攻克（37）

会计考友

Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，more generally，the nature of human knowledge they believe，are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.  
　　他们相信，诸如灵与肉的问题，或更普遍而言，人类知识的性质等此类哲学关注，均是一些基本的人类问题，其探索性的哲学答案已构成一个必要的基础，其它所有的智力思辩均赖以建立其上。
　　The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy，” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out， on close examination，to be of quite recent origin.
　　细作审视，我们便不难发现，一种被称为“哲学”的独立学科——既有别于神学和科学诸般学科，并高高在上地对其予以评判——的思想，其渊源却是甚为近期的事。
　　But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution-the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.
　　但是，最近在所有这三类动物身上，对鳍肢的骨骼结构所存在的细致共同点的发现足以削弱这样一种企图，即把表面上的近似作为趋同进化所致的结果来将其解释掉。而所谓的趋同进化(convergent evolution)，是指在互不相关的生物群体之间，作为对类似的环境压力作出的反应，彼此独立的发展形成某些相同特征。