GRE阅读长难句典型结构的详细解析

会计考友

1、长成分  
" ?7 l9 M7 b2 f& {　　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

: r# D# {3 I, P　　a、主语从句

8 j1 i% s. a7 U$ X. ^5 x& J　　b、宾语从句
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　　2)长状语

　　3)层层修饰
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" A9 B9 p5 x2 Y; x. B　　4)并列成分

　　2、常见倒装搭配

　　(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

5 j% Z8 K9 Y  I( e　　例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
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( `# h# ]- f9 |% U, H1 y2 @& G3 A　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
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　　(2)及物动词加副词

7 G/ ~( I0 r( b- }9 B; b3 ?　　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
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% }8 I6 a6 e  }- h% S" {, S　　3、省略的几种情况

/ C2 U. W0 _/ t, Z2 z　　(1)重复的成分
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　　(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
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　　(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )

　　(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
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　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

会计考友

　4、 短语被分割  
  j+ N! `9 |3 S& z, v/ C: f( y　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

( a! M: c8 U. M4 N8 Q5 l& j　　5、多重否定
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　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

! y# D, T) C) q6 {　　6、难句分析举例

　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

* O* G  B/ u6 ^+ v% r9 N3 M　　[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
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　　[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。

　　可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。