在GRE的阅读中,通常都是一篇短阅读和一篇长阅读,这里主要关注一下短阅读,考生在这里出现的错误很大一部分要归结于单词,尤其碰到短阅读是一科技文的时候,我们更是慌了神,整篇文章不知道在说些什么,全是学术上的用语,但是我们不用慌张,科技文中的单词很少有人能够完全掌握,除了少数牛人。/ t, R1 Z* x9 q6 X8 d
碰到这种情况时,我们在心理上就不要胆怯,要知道我们不知道这个单词,其他的人也可能不知道;而且这些生单词也不一定就会影响我们理解文章。我们只要通过一些特殊技巧,将其中的关系弄清楚,问题就迎刃而解了。下面是一则实战的例子。
, K: r! T7 ~8 T. q+ `7 n# z0 L5 z! RFor the past forty years it has been known that the ammonia produced by the rhizobia bacteria in soybean roots diffuses through membranes surrounding bacterial cells into the soybean tissue. Interestingly, these membranes are highly impermeably to organic molecules such as amino acids. Once in the plant tissue, ammonia can be incorporated into the amino acids glutamine and glutamate, which are used to synthesize other amino acids and nitrogen containing molecules the plant needs, such as proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids.% N7 f0 L0 a" ?* I
But it has recently been discovered that the ammonium of ammonia formed by nitrogen fixation is rapidly converted into the amino acid alanine, which is then transported out of the bacterium; thus little is any fixed nitrogen leaves the bacteria as ammonia. While researchers remain perplexed by the means through which alanine actually passes the membranes, they speculate that the process may keep the newly fixed nitrogen separate from the everyday nitrogen metabolism of the bacterial themselves, thus ensuring the rapid export of most of it to the plant.
0 V9 S a7 L( }8 B乍看一下文章,好多生单词啊!很多是学术用语,就算我们怎么背词汇,也肯定没办法记住这些单词,但是没有关系,我们不必要将这些单词的意思理解透,
5 z' X0 N F# `8 _2 r' L第一:将这些单词看作单纯的一个物质,不要对它所具体表达的意思进行深究,在这种文章中,如果我们深究单词的意思,反而会被弄得一头雾水,毕竟我们不是这个方面的专家。
4 w( r5 l# a1 s7 T5 k第二:对这些生单词在句子中的关系进行梳理,列一个图标,可能这个图表不怎么精确,但是只要我们能理解,够解题就可以了;, L& r& q1 u/ x
最后:根据你所列出的图表,进行解题,这个图表不可能将文中所有的内容都标上,但是我们的最终目的就是为了能够对文章的思路有个大概的把握,减少我们对做题时的恐惧心理,所以图标的不精确没有关系。
4 K% ~, P# ^8 E1 Q8 g解码: * U% o+ L: B A! s
首先:
. q8 Q3 Q ?4 o* DAmmonia 的产生及其在Soybean Roots中的经历 Soybean Roots → Rhizbia Bacteria → Ammonia → Membrane → Soybean Tissue
9 {: W j/ H: C) T1 z# `+ F Impermeable to : T, u1 C9 b9 q" L" }8 m
Organic molecules $ {+ M8 U) v; c4 U) p0 T0 Z+ }
; |" r! _2 F: Q% ], d其次: 5 q9 h+ z- N% S3 o
Ammonia在Soybean Tissue中的经历 Incorporated Synthesize
( K9 {# c. j( O4 ]Ammonia → amino acids glutamine → other amino acids
% S. z. W) }$ P, W; ?5 Z Glutamate nitrogen containing molecules
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8 h& O: p; I( z最后: ? ; A" B+ z! j z
Ammonia → amino acid alanine → membrane → out of the bacteria 0 M5 R4 [% N! y' r
Formed by nitrogen fixation (speculate)
, V F6 r+ y3 b5 K9 n& {5 NThe primary purpose of the passage is to& l% B. u# i" x F8 s
1、contend that key terms in a scientific theory have been improperly used4 z. D9 H/ b% x/ M8 A7 R
2、argue that proponents of a scientific theory have obscured important details# b$ E2 w0 G1 e( i# P7 _' c7 a
3、demonstrate that two views once thought to be in conflict are actually identical; A q1 @6 D& Y& m+ |% b
4、suggest that proponents of a theory have not stated their data in an exhaustive manner
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- c7 |6 K* W/ X" n! v, B5、show that a theory has been drawn into question by a more recent study. |