逻辑推理试题共有两个部分,每部分有 24~ 26道试题。一般每道题都有一篇小的短文或对话,然后针对此短文或对话提出 问题。 短文或对话涉及的范围很广,包括哲学、文学、政治、科技、艺术、历史、体育等等。 逻辑推理试题主要测试考生的以下能力:
! y- f) H7 T! g- G ●确定中心思想
) x- n6 I) m$ L# l7 k' Z* b# M0 p ●找出推理中的假设
( G6 Q' h+ F; V4 `. \# D& D: F k+ _ ●从已知事实或前提得出合理结论
" \0 e6 u1 i8 N% L% H3 ` ●确定推理的准则并将之应用于新的论证 + `8 ~, z% y3 y8 u
●确定推理的方法或结构
/ Q6 i* S) G: k/ e5 ~! L ●找出推理的错误及误解
7 j/ ?3 y; s) |: y' j" t6 Y+ r ●确定新的事实或论证对现有论证或结论的加强或削弱
- A1 i5 k) x+ S. y ●对论证进行分析 + p/ P& L) @! ]& Q) q2 s, W- f
一、试题类型 ( E( T2 p/ H+ ^9 E
逻辑推理实体的类型一般包括以下几种
. O6 O6 v& i$ r( S% y1 D! Q6 z/ b 1. 有关结论的问题:
0 I: M- o9 u" q5 o9 r5 ? The term "pit bull" does not designate a breed of dog, as do the terms "German shepherd"
. a2 _! d9 s A* ~8 T and "poodle. " It is like the terms "Seeing-Eye dog" and "police dog," which designate dogs ac-
- l3 n% u0 l% y& K% i) ~ cording to what they do. If you take two German shepherds and place them side by side, you
( H0 f' h5 k0 t7 r7 G4 e cannot tell by appearance alone which is the police dog and which is the Seeing-Eye dog. " R8 G% Y1 R$ h4 ]" ^" ~1 W3 M
Which one of the following is the main point of the passage? - G' u) ^ v! C+ n/ }0 D e2 M8 G& f
(A) German shepherds can be pit bulls. : d: l$ V; X2 @
(B) Pit bulls can be distinguished from other kinds of dogs. * Z: l6 X3 O1 ]+ ?2 ^6 l9 ^
(C) A dog is pit bull because of what it does, not because of its breed. G& Z( D# g* X* ~
(D) German shepherds can function both as police dogs and as Seeing-Eye dogs. : U6 ?5 `) t, ~# R2 H7 k0 U
(E) Some breeds of dogs cannot be distinguished from other breeds of dogs by appearance 5 ^ d, ]% N {2 s
alone.
5 r [5 U1 c$ X& F8 I3 v 答案(C) , Q' r" ]6 S( v l9 `8 l% F
2. :有关推论的问题
/ i9 O! |: v: o4 \+ { Below is an excerpt from a letter that a medical school sent to an applicant: 0 d1 a4 b5 h! k
We regret that we will not be offering you a position at our school. The committee has been
9 U. p$ S- o8 b7 W0 E forced to reject many highly qualified applicants because we must restrict our class size to fewer / k6 h( s, N7 j1 ~) \( {
than 200 students. * H. d. s7 h; N8 _6 m: f7 j# Y
Which one of the following can be logically inferred from the information in the letter above?
5 N- I( i* \3 L& i: U, a ’(A) Only highly qualified applicants were accepted by the medical school.
; S9 b0 H3 [% b: ? (B) The applicant was considered to be highly qualified.
* \5 @! N1 N, d1 E6 }2 S (C) The school had already taken its maximum number of students. 4 X/ h+ h' S* b8 K: T! ~: |; X+ H
(D) Most of the applicants were highly qualified.
+ B5 N/ m1 M. Q6 u7 l; w4 i (E) The qualifications of applicants were not the only factor affecting admissions. . d* Z$ U7 W2 C6 r
答案(E) # J. g. x+ G% J" Z
3. 有关架设的问题 # R6 E \5 a. P5 C1 P
Schools that train students in technical skills for a specific field of work are more successful, 1 B. b H/ o4 J1 d( i5 u7 r
as measured by the percentage of students that gain employment in full-time jobs in the six- / ~) I, _% i8 ?/ a+ Y
8 ?# W/ o/ R2 I4 b/ I7 ^. l! N7 u$ a4 Q& U& j
month period following graduation, than are institutions that teach a liberal arts curriculum. 0 N! l% D0 i$ e8 h* i1 K
Technical schools have a student employment rate of approximately 65 percent, whereas liberal 0 B4 a# ]* R" a0 I6 X2 ^! R$ v
arts schools have a rate of only 56 percent. This difference reveals that technical schools are more & x! G8 K+ F% D
effectively meeting the challenge of providing education than are liberal arts schools.
" a, s" ~0 `$ T( O Which one of the following is an assumption on which the above argument rests? ( U3 Q- g' z. R; L
(A) Schools will not accurately report information if they believe that information will re- ; }: i4 s9 R: C; z# \8 H
flect poorly on them. 5 ]3 a# m) Y5 z2 b
(B) The curriculum of a school can be evaluated by examining the number and types of job
$ R* e- H' o" q placements achieved by its students.
: q( x+ i. X. O (C) The percentage of students that gain employment following graduation is a measure- 3 z# K* z4 @: d" e% d
ment of that school’s ability to provide education.
- Y8 ?+ K/ _( ]* x0 n (D) The sole function of education is to help students gain employment.
8 R$ E+ X7 e& [; t( x5 D (E) Technical schools and liberal arts schools serve different educational purposes! R# p( j4 ~8 ^; v' p
4.有关加强(Strengthen)论证的问题。 ; x- d% F ^3 `6 I0 N
Journalistic criticism of literature is falling victim to its own efforts to justify its existence. . A( S! B% x! F" l) _( r u/ F
Critics believe that garner respect from their readers by ignoring objective description in favor of
8 o; y3 n/ Y) A6 a7 v; \3 J7 o apinionated commentary. Any new work is given the briefest of summaries, and then mercilessly 3 g2 V6 _. V+ M1 r/ ` I2 v
:arved up in an effort to divine its deeper meaning. But the best journalist simply presents facts ' a; u* K# m% q; a- b
and allows his audience to decide their meanings independently. Critics should convey the truest
5 \' G! T/ `% m2 n possible form of the works in question; let the art, and not the art critic, speak to us. : @5 N% W3 _4 P t; J( f
Which one of the following statements best lends support to the argument presented above?
* n' b" x. _/ n/ W2 C7 P: {9 M (A) Liberals make all new work available to the interested public without regard to critical
* ~& T, M B! a! w- [; @/ L) E! ~7 | opinions.
6 z ^' M: w6 l: h1 ]: _; ]8 E' _ (B) Because space is limited, it is not practical to reproduce completely every work that is " v# I3 t0 ?. N
criticized in print. ) G! T Q+ q6 X
(C) Writers would likely alter their style if they knew that their works would simply be read |