2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类（A级）

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:33

　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
　　1. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.
　　A．private
　　B．special
　　C．general
　　D．good
　　2.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.
　　A．attract
　　B．encourage
　　C．spend
　　D．require
　　3. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
　　A．evidence
　　B．case
　　C．danger
　　D．picture
　　4.The project required ten years of diligent research.
　　A．scientific
　　B．basic
　　C. social
　　D. hardworking
　　5.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
　　A. break
　　B. close
　　C.sell
　　D.combine

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:34

6. He demolished my argument in minutes.
　　A. disproved
　　B.accepted
　　C.disputed
　　D.supported
　　7.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
　　A．similar
　　B．polite
　　C．usual
　　D．bad
　　8. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.
　　A. moderate
　　B. equal
　　C. great
　　D. immediate
　　9. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
　　A. unclear
　　B. bad
　　C. bright
　　D. general
　　10. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
　　A. critical
　　B. necessary
　　C. normal
　　D. terrible

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:35

11. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, which is driving me mad.
　　A. generate
　　B. measure
　　C. tolerate
　　D. reduce
　　12. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
　　A. humorous
　　B. boring
　　C. long
　　D. original
　　13. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.
　　A. free
　　B. regular
　　C. physical
　　D. energetic
　　14. Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.
　　A. relief
　　B. doubt
　　C. confusion
　　D. failure
　　15. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.
　　A. doubt
　　B. anger
　　C. love
　　D. surprise

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:36

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost
　　The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new European study suggests.
　　This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority-only 2 percent-who had experienced "ideal" conditions in their working life, anyway.
　　"The results really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor," said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet. "This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern of their health and well-being. "
　　But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. "
　　Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. "Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, "Westerlund said.
　　This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
　　As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.
　　Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19. 2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
　　The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock.
　　Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found.
　　16. Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　17. Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　18. Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　19. Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　20. The study analyzed the participants' perception of their own health in a certain period.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　21. The participants came from various countries in Europe.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　22. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:37

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
　　Parkinson's Disease
　　I Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movements. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
　　2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
　　3 Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the laterstages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or lank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people have a decrease in mental skills.
　　4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.
　　23. Paragraph 1 __________.
　　24. Paragraph 2 __________.
　　25. Paragraph 3 __________.
　　26. Paragraph 4 __________.
　　A. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
　　B. Tips for Patients with the Disease
　　C. Common Treatment for the Disease
　　D. Definition of Parkinson's Disease
　　E. Possible causes of the Disease
　　F. Typical Symptoms of the Disease
　　27. You'll find it hard to move the way you want to __________.
　　28. A lot of research is being done to find out __________.
　　29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor__________.
　　30. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease__________.
　　A. what affects muscles all through your body
　　B. if there isn't enough dopamine in your body
　　C. which cannot be cured yet
　　D. which may be the first symptom you notice
　　E. if you have a fixed or blank expression
　　F. what causes Parkinson's disease

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:38

第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分,共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
　　Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much
　　Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
　　In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.
　　I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons."He told me.
　　There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports." Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker , is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. "
　　In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.
　　"If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the US," Dr.Russell said,"everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers pharmaceutical (制药的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient."
　　Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed , knowledge is power.
　　31. According to the author, patients should spend more time _________.
　　A. researching the American College of Surgeons
　　B. researching their surgery or surgeons
　　C. researching new cars
　　D. researching job changes
　　32. Nowadays patients seem to have _________.
　　A. too much trust in their doctors
　　B. too much information about their doctors
　　C. too little faith in their doctors
　　D. a healthy relationship with their doctors
　　33. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which _________.
　　A. patients and doctors play equally important roles
　　B. the patient does not have an active role to play
　　C. doctors have the final say in almost everything
　　D. the patient has the most important role to play
　　34. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship _________.
　　A. is dependent just on the doctor
　　B. is a goal that can be achieved
　　C. entails any effort on the part of the patient
　　D. is what the patient truly desires
　　35. The author does NOT believe in_________.
　　A. lots of scientific data
　　B. Francis Bacon
　　C. blind trust
　　D. too much knowledge

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:39

第二篇
　　CT Scans and Lung Cancer
　　Small or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.
　　The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) found.
　　Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.
　　The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.
　　High-tech (高技术的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团 ) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure.
　　At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.
　　Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.
　　The team looked at7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.
　　Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer，10 additional cases were found years later.
　　But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.
　　In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.
　　The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer, you probably don't,the researcher said. "The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were l in l,000 and 3 in l,000 respectively, " they concluded.
　　36. The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules_________.
　　A. you cannot be too careful
　　B. cancer is just matter of time
　　C. a biopsy is unnecessary
　　D. more aggressive testing is a must
　　37. Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?
　　A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.
　　B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.
　　C. 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year.
　　D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.
　　38. According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening ________.
　　A. are a little bit too costly
　　B. do not exist yet
　　C. are being implemented
　　D. have been developed
　　39. All the following statements are true EXCEPT________.
　　A. a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules
　　B. almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer
　　C. all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer
　　D. most of the volunteers tested negative during screening
　　40. In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph ________.
　　A. are somewhat inaccurate
　　B. are pretty small
　　C. are rather high
　　D. are quite unbelievable

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:40

第三篇
　　The Iceman
　　On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy, high up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
　　It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.
　　Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
　　With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 BC, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almostcertainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
　　By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
　　41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because _________.
　　A. the melted ice made him visible
　　B. he was just on a mountain pass
　　C. two Germans were climbing the mountains
　　D. he was lying on the ice
　　42. What can be inferred from paragraph2?
　　A. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
　　B. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
　　C. The Iceman was killing while working.
　　D. The Iceman lived a poor life.
　　43. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT _________.
　　A. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father
　　B. he came from Italy
　　C. he was a soldier in World War I
　　D. he was born about a thousand years ago
　　44. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman _________.
　　A. had got a wound on the back of his head
　　B. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
　　C. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead
　　D. was probably in some' kind of a battle
　　45. The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _________.
　　A. soldiers
　　B. hunters
　　C. robbers
　　D. shooters

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:41

第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
　　Know Just How You Feel
　　Do you feel Sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
　　Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. ________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expression of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. ________(47) The mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record' of these expressions.
　　The project was conducted by a C ambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion".________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced t0 412, from"afraid" to"wanting".
　　Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right, " says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. " Although they were given some direction," says Ms Collis, "the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. _________(50) " For example, when someone feels contempt you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
　　Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattem of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
　　A. He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.
　　B. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
　　C. Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
　　D. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds".
　　E. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
　　F. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:42

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
　　Skin Cancer
　　Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in________(51) British women, the country's leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has_______(52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.
　　The trend is particularly _______(53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible(易患的)to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are _______(54)highest in people over age75.
　　But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the _______(55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make _______(56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.
　　Based on current numbers Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth_______(57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,0000 cases a year to more than 15,500.
　　Cancer experts _______(58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. "Spending time on sun beds is just as _______(59)as staying out too long in the sun," said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart _______(60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.
　　"The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10_______(61) stronger than the midday sun," Cerny said.
　　In the United States, several states require parental approval _______(62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and _______(63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors use of tanning salons.
　　In the UK, Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using tanning beds, though it hasn't yet been implemented. There are no plans for _______(64) in the rest of the UK.
　　The world Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.
　　Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be ______(65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.
　　51. A. young B. married C. middle-aged D. elderly
　　52. A. overtaken B. overseen C. overlooked D. overwhelmed
　　53. A. encouraging B. misleading C. worrying D. booming
　　54. A. occasionally B. hopefully C. surprisingly D. typically
　　55. A. line B. point C. turn D. start
　　56. A. up B. on C. off D. to
　　57. A. most B. more C. very D. much
　　58. A. allocate B. associate C. contribute D. attribute
　　59. A. ineffective B. dangerous C. exhausting D. comfortable
　　60. A. execution B. campaign C. reaction D. conquest
　　61. A. degrees B. ranks C. times D. steps
　　62. A. until B. while C. before D. although
　　63. A. less B. beneath C. lower D. under
　　64. A. debate B. caution C. legislation D. approval
　　65. A. avoided B. diagnosed C. predicted D. treated

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[职称英语真题] 2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类（A级）